We did this all in one go

2024-06-29 11:29:35 +02:00 · 2024-06-29 11:29:35 +02:00 · 90cec75cde
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--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
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+data
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
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+## Cassandra
+
+Command can be run on the Cassandra Web at `localhost:3000` or in the docker container with:
+
+    sudo docker exec -it cass1 cqlsh
+            
+Note the `MATERIALZIED VIEWS` and `CUSTOM INDEX` are already created in the [startup script](https://github.com/Miracle-Fruit/kikeriki/blob/main/cassandra/startup/setup/setup_db.sh) and don't needed to be run again.
+
+## Queries
+
+All queries can also be found [here](https://github.com/Miracle-Fruit/kikeriki/tree/main/cassandra/startup/queries).
+
+1. Listing  all the posts made by an account.
+
+        SELECT content FROM twitter.tweets where author_id = 233248636;
+
+![result_ex1](../query_results/ex1.png)
+
+2. Find the 100 accounts with the most followers
+``` python
+# 2. Find the 100 accounts with the most followers
+rows = session.execute('SELECT user_id,follower_len FROM twitter.most_follows;')
+sorted_rows = dict(sorted(dict(rows).items(), key=lambda item: item[1]))
+most_follows = list(sorted_rows.keys())[-100:]
+print("Top 100 most followed accounts:",most_follows)
+```
+
+    Top 100 most followed accounts: [817268, 173732041, 14506809, 158804228, 358775055, 45416789, 302282272, 65913144, 261001122, 14246001, 7702232, 101204352, 280365428, 15439395, 26929220, 46537966, 32774989, 2367911, 7429892, 88097807, 274153775, 41147062, 127973392, 10350, 12127832, 18666844, 279787626, 14511951, 116036694, 225784456, 270449528, 63796828, 22784458, 364917755, 15693493, 17346342, 28933226, 7872262, 14180231, 100581193, 88323281, 131029775, 25952851, 14692604, 21681252, 309366491, 25376226, 22705686, 188108667, 18715024, 3829151, 41172837, 92319025, 24081780, 15102849, 83943787, 15680204, 7846, 184097849, 7377812, 204317520, 24641194, 14691709, 112939321, 7081402, 153226312, 14269220, 94414805, 108811740, 1065921, 221829166, 116952434, 15222083, 6608332, 17759701, 16098603, 7860742, 20471349, 6519522, 19040580, 14536491, 197504076, 12611642, 36198161, 3840, 22841103, 440963134, 20273398, 17092592, 13348, 17093617, 22679419, 208132323, 18776017, 15846407, 18581803, 5442012, 813286, 3359851, 59804598]
+       
+3. Finding the 100 accounts that follow the most of the accounts found in 2).
+```python
+followed_accs = session.execute(f'SELECT follower_id FROM twitter.follower_relation WHERE user_id IN {tuple(most_follows)};')
+_list = list()
+for row in followed_accs:
+    _list.append(row[0])
+
+followed_top_100 = Counter(_list).most_common(100)
+print("100 accounts that follow the most of the accounts found in 2)",followed_top_100)
+```
+
+    100 accounts that follow the most of the accounts found in 2) [(3359851, 47), (7860742, 47), (15913, 45), (7861312, 45), (16098603, 43), (18776017, 41), (10350, 39), (48485771, 39), (22679419, 38), (3443591, 37), (18581803, 37), (18927441, 37), (26281970, 37), (7872262, 36), (24742040, 36), (5442012, 36), (10671602, 35), (11928542, 35), (14922225, 35), (16453996, 35), (21681252, 35), (14589257, 34), (15853668, 34), (9451052, 34), (65913144, 34), (14269220, 34), (15234657, 34), (17092592, 34), (59804598, 34), (87764480, 34), (40981798, 34), (16475194, 34), (16464746, 33), (93905958, 33), (20152005, 33), (42361118, 33), (36629388, 33), (18666844, 32), (19413393, 32), (12127832, 32), (14180231, 32), (14983833, 32), (25026165, 32), (18742444, 32), (29758446, 31), (20880546, 31), (116952434, 31), (30207757, 31), (21195122, 31), (43003845, 31), (22784458, 30), (19040580, 30), (14691709, 30), (24004172, 30), (1065921, 30), (26280712, 30), (43170475, 30), (22462180, 30), (7846, 29), (1183041, 29), (3040621, 29), (7377812, 29), (34428380, 29), (20273398, 28), (14230524, 28), (15222083, 28), (24641194, 28), (83943787, 28), (36198161, 28), (14536491, 28), (813286, 27), (12611642, 27), (29514951, 27), (31353077, 27), (18996905, 27), (14471778, 27), (15838599, 27), (16112634, 27), (17526132, 27), (17759701, 27), (31331740, 27), (25952851, 27), (84043660, 27), (9431932, 27), (20397258, 27), (127973392, 27), (16674726, 27), (116036694, 27), (972651, 26), (13687132, 26), (4068821, 26), (7702232, 26), (6080022, 26), (17224642, 26), (20935355, 26), (24081780, 26), (26033920, 26), (28933226, 26), (43933017, 26), (101633415, 26)]
+
+4. Listing the information for the personal home page of any account (best try with the accounts found in 2); the start page should contain the following (implement as separate queries):
+    * the number of followers && the number of followed accounts  
+       
+
+        SELECT follower_len, follows_len FROM twitter.user_stats WHERE user_id = 233248636; //cheack user_id can be changed
+
+        ![result_ex4_1](../query_results/ex4_1.png)
+
+    
+    * either the 25 newest or the 25 most popular posts of the followed accounts (via DB query)
+
+       25 newest
+    
+          CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW twitter.start_view_new AS
+            SELECT user_id_x,follower_id,number_of_likes,number_of_shares,date_time,name,author,content,id FROM twitter.user
+            WHERE user_id_x IS NOT NULL AND follower_id IS NOT NULL AND date_time IS NOT NULL AND id IS NOT NULL
+            PRIMARY KEY ((user_id_x),date_time,follower_id,id);
+          
+          SELECT * FROM twitter.start_view_new WHERE user_id_x = 172883064 ORDER BY date_time DESC LIMIT 25;
+
+    ![result_ex4_2](../query_results/ex4_2_date.png)
+
+
+       25 most popular
+       
+          CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW twitter.start_view_like AS
+           SELECT user_id_x,follower_id,number_of_likes,number_of_shares,date_time,author,name,content,id FROM twitter.user
+           WHERE user_id_x IS NOT NULL AND follower_id IS NOT NULL AND number_of_likes IS NOT NULL AND id IS NOT NULL
+           PRIMARY KEY ((user_id_x),number_of_likes,follower_id,id);
+           
+          SELECT * FROM twitter.start_view_like WHERE user_id_x = 172883064 ORDER BY number_of_likes DESC LIMIT 25; 
+
+    ![result_ex4_2](../query_results/ex4_2_likes.png)
+
+5. Caching of the posts for the home page (cf. 4) requires a so-called fan-out in the cache of each follower when writing a new post
+
+        CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW twitter.start_view_user1 AS
+         SELECT follower_id,number_of_likes,date_time,author,name,content,id FROM twitter.user 
+         WHERE user_id_x IS NOT NULL AND user_id_x=172883064 AND follower_id IS NOT NULL AND number_of_likes IS NOT NULL AND id IS NOT NULL 
+         PRIMARY KEY ((user_id_x),number_of_likes,follower_id,id);
+        // # order by need partion key in WHERE
+        SELECT * from twitter.start_view_taylor WHERE user_id_x=172883064 ORDER BY number_of_likes DESC LIMIT 25;
+        // INSERT new tweet
+        INSERT INTO twitter.user
+        (user_id_x,follower_id,name,author ,content ,country ,date_time ,id ,language ,latitude ,longitude ,number_of_likes ,number_of_shares ,user_id_y)
+        VALUES
+        (172883064, 233248636, 'NoName','taylorswift12', 'Hallo there BDEA','DE', dateof(now()), 'NoID', 'de', 48, 48, 10000000, 0, 0);
+
+        INSERT INTO twitter.tweets(author, content, country, date_time, id, language, latitude, longitude, number_of_likes, number_of_shares ,author_id)
+        VALUES
+        ('taylorswift12', 'Hallo there BDEA','DE', dateof(now()), 'NoID', 'de', 48, 48, 10000000, 0, 0 '233248636');
+
+    ![result_ex4_2](../query_results/ex4_2_likes.png)
+
+        
+6. List of the 25 most popular posts that contain a given word (if possible also with AND linking several words)
+
+        // To order by the 25 most number_of_like is at our knowledge not possible with the current dataschema
+        CREATE CUSTOM INDEX search_in ON twitter.tweets (content) USING 'org.apache.cassandra.index.sasi.SASIIndex'
+          WITH OPTIONS = {  'mode': 'CONTAINS', 'analyzer_class': 'org.apache.cassandra.index.sasi.analyzer.NonTokenizingAnalyzer',
+          'case_sensitive': 'false' };
+        SELECT * from twitter.tweets WHERE content LIKE '%world%' limit 25;
+ 
+    ![result_ex4_2](../query_results/ex6.png)
+
--- a/cqlsh/cqlshrc
+++ b/cqlsh/cqlshrc
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+;; Setting for cqlsh can be found https://docs.datastax.com/en/dse/5.1/cql/cql/cql_reference/cqlsh_commands/cqlshCqlshrc.html
+;; Sample cqlshrc file on GitHub: https://github.com/apache/cassandra/blob/067f4c74612698881feec09039d71d12a5936418/conf/cqlshrc.sample
+[ui]
+;; Display timezone
+timezone = Etc/UTC
+;; Used for displaying timestamps (and reading them with COPY)
+time_format = %d/%m/%Y %H:%M
+[copy]
+ESCAPE = \
+QUOTE = "
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+# version: "3.9"  # optional since v1.27.0
+
+networks:
+  spaceandtime:
+    ipam:
+      config:
+        - subnet: 172.20.0.0/24 # static ip management required for cassandra web, as this does not work with docker dns
+
+services:
+  cass1:
+    image: cassandra:4.0.4 # latest lts version as of 31.05.2022
+    container_name: cass1
+    hostname: cass1
+    healthcheck:
+        test: ["CMD", "cqlsh", "-e", "describe keyspaces" ]
+        interval: 10s
+        timeout: 10s
+        start_period: 50s
+        retries: 10
+    networks:
+      spaceandtime:
+          ipv4_address: 172.20.0.6
+    ports:
+      - "9042:9042"
+    volumes:
+      - ./cqlsh:/root/.cassandra
+      - ./startup:/tmp/startup
+      - ./data/cass1:/var/lib/cassandra
+      - ./etc/cass1:/etc/cassandra # currently not needed as this is configured with the below env variables
+    environment: &environment
+        MAX_HEAP_SIZE: 1024M
+        HEAP_NEWSIZE: 1024M
+        CASSANDRA_SEEDS: "cass1,cass2"
+        CASSANDRA_CLUSTER_NAME: SolarSystem
+        CASSANDRA_DC: Mars
+        CASSANDRA_RACK: West
+        CASSANDRA_ENDPOINT_SNITCH: GossipingPropertyFileSnitch
+        CASSANDRA_NUM_TOKENS: 128
+    restart: always
+  
+  cass2:
+    image: cassandra:4.0.4 # latest lts version as of 31.05.2022
+    container_name: cass2
+    hostname: cass2
+    healthcheck:
+        test: ["CMD", "cqlsh", "-e", "describe keyspaces" ]
+        interval: 10s
+        timeout: 10s
+        start_period: 50s
+        retries: 10
+    networks:
+      spaceandtime:
+          ipv4_address: 172.20.0.7
+    ports:
+      - "9043:9042"
+    volumes:
+      - ./cqlsh:/root/.cassandra
+      - ./startup:/tmp/startup
+      - ./data/cass2:/var/lib/cassandra
+      - ./etc/cass2:/etc/cassandra
+    environment: *environment
+    depends_on:
+      cass1:
+        condition: service_healthy # service_healthy --> sometimes not working, alternativly restart always policy below
+    restart: always
+  
+  cass3:
+    image: cassandra:4.0.4 # latest lts version as of 31.05.2022
+    container_name: cass3
+    hostname: cass3
+    healthcheck:
+        test: ["CMD", "cqlsh", "-e", "describe keyspaces" ]
+        interval: 10s
+        timeout: 10s
+        start_period: 50s
+        retries: 10
+    networks:
+      spaceandtime:
+          ipv4_address: 172.20.0.8
+    ports:
+      - "9044:9042"
+    volumes:
+      - ./cqlsh:/root/.cassandra
+      - ./startup:/tmp/startup
+      - ./data/cass3:/var/lib/cassandra
+      - ./etc/cass3:/etc/cassandra
+    environment: *environment
+    depends_on:
+      cass2:
+        condition: service_healthy # service_healthy --> sometimes not working, alternativly restart always policy below
+    restart: always
+
+  cass_startup_client:
+    image: cassandra:4.0.4 # latest lts version as of 31.05.2022
+    container_name: cass_startup_client
+    hostname: cass_startup_client
+    networks:
+      spaceandtime:
+          ipv4_address: 172.20.0.11
+    volumes:
+      - ./cqlsh:/root/.cassandra
+      - ./startup:/tmp/startup
+      - ./data/cass_startup_client:/var/lib/cassandra
+      - ./etc/cass_startup_client:/etc/cassandra
+    environment: *environment
+    depends_on:
+      cass1:
+        condition: service_healthy  # service_healthy --> sometimes not working, alternativly restart always policy below
+      cass2:
+        condition: service_healthy  # service_healthy --> sometimes not working, alternativly restart always policy below
+      cass3:
+        condition: service_healthy
+    command: bash -c "/tmp/startup/setup/setup_db.sh && /tmp/startup/setup/setup_likedFrom.sh"
+
+  cassweb:
+    image: ruby:2.4.1 # latest stable version as of 31.05.2022
+    container_name: cassweb
+    hostname: cassweb
+    command: bash -c "gem install cassandra-web && cassandra-web --hosts '172.20.0.6, 172.20.0.7, 172.20.0.8' --port '9042' --username 'cassandra' --password 'cassandra'"
+    networks:
+      spaceandtime:
+          ipv4_address: 172.20.0.9
+    ports:
+      - "3000:3000"
+    depends_on:
+      cass1:
+        condition: service_healthy # service_healthy --> sometimes not working, alternativly restart always policy below
+      cass2:
+        condition: service_healthy # service_healthy --> sometimes not working, alternativly restart always policy below
+      cass3:
+        condition: service_healthy # service_healthy --> sometimes not working, alternativly restart always policy below
+      cass_startup_client:
+        condition: service_started
+    restart: always
+
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/README.txt
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/README.txt
@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Required configuration files
+============================
+
+cassandra.yaml: main Cassandra configuration file
+logback.xml: logback configuration file for Cassandra server
+
+
+Optional configuration files
+============================
+
+cassandra-topology.properties: used by PropertyFileSnitch
+
+
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/cassandra-env.sh
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/cassandra-env.sh
@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+calculate_heap_sizes()
+{
+    case "`uname`" in
+        Linux)
+            system_memory_in_mb=`free -m | awk '/:/ {print $2;exit}'`
+            system_cpu_cores=`egrep -c 'processor([[:space:]]+):.*' /proc/cpuinfo`
+        ;;
+        FreeBSD)
+            system_memory_in_bytes=`sysctl hw.physmem | awk '{print $2}'`
+            system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_bytes / 1024 / 1024`
+            system_cpu_cores=`sysctl hw.ncpu | awk '{print $2}'`
+        ;;
+        SunOS)
+            system_memory_in_mb=`prtconf | awk '/Memory size:/ {print $3}'`
+            system_cpu_cores=`psrinfo | wc -l`
+        ;;
+        Darwin)
+            system_memory_in_bytes=`sysctl hw.memsize | awk '{print $2}'`
+            system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_bytes / 1024 / 1024`
+            system_cpu_cores=`sysctl hw.ncpu | awk '{print $2}'`
+        ;;
+        *)
+            # assume reasonable defaults for e.g. a modern desktop or
+            # cheap server
+            system_memory_in_mb="2048"
+            system_cpu_cores="2"
+        ;;
+    esac
+
+    # some systems like the raspberry pi don't report cores, use at least 1
+    if [ "$system_cpu_cores" -lt "1" ]
+    then
+        system_cpu_cores="1"
+    fi
+
+    # set max heap size based on the following
+    # max(min(1/2 ram, 1024MB), min(1/4 ram, 8GB))
+    # calculate 1/2 ram and cap to 1024MB
+    # calculate 1/4 ram and cap to 8192MB
+    # pick the max
+    half_system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_mb / 2`
+    quarter_system_memory_in_mb=`expr $half_system_memory_in_mb / 2`
+    if [ "$half_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "1024" ]
+    then
+        half_system_memory_in_mb="1024"
+    fi
+    if [ "$quarter_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "8192" ]
+    then
+        quarter_system_memory_in_mb="8192"
+    fi
+    if [ "$half_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "$quarter_system_memory_in_mb" ]
+    then
+        max_heap_size_in_mb="$half_system_memory_in_mb"
+    else
+        max_heap_size_in_mb="$quarter_system_memory_in_mb"
+    fi
+    MAX_HEAP_SIZE="${max_heap_size_in_mb}M"
+
+    # Young gen: min(max_sensible_per_modern_cpu_core * num_cores, 1/4 * heap size)
+    max_sensible_yg_per_core_in_mb="100"
+    max_sensible_yg_in_mb=`expr $max_sensible_yg_per_core_in_mb "*" $system_cpu_cores`
+
+    desired_yg_in_mb=`expr $max_heap_size_in_mb / 4`
+
+    if [ "$desired_yg_in_mb" -gt "$max_sensible_yg_in_mb" ]
+    then
+        HEAP_NEWSIZE="${max_sensible_yg_in_mb}M"
+    else
+        HEAP_NEWSIZE="${desired_yg_in_mb}M"
+    fi
+}
+
+# Sets the path where logback and GC logs are written.
+if [ "x$CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR" = "x" ] ; then
+    CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR="$CASSANDRA_HOME/logs"
+fi
+
+#GC log path has to be defined here because it needs to access CASSANDRA_HOME
+if [ $JAVA_VERSION -ge 11 ] ; then
+    # See description of https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8046148 for details about the syntax
+    # The following is the equivalent to -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10 -XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+    echo "$JVM_OPTS" | grep -qe "-[X]log:gc"
+    if [ "$?" = "1" ] ; then # [X] to prevent ccm from replacing this line
+        # only add -Xlog:gc if it's not mentioned in jvm-server.options file
+        mkdir -p ${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xlog:gc=info,heap*=trace,age*=debug,safepoint=info,promotion*=trace:file=${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}/gc.log:time,uptime,pid,tid,level:filecount=10,filesize=10485760"
+    fi
+else
+    # Java 8
+    echo "$JVM_OPTS" | grep -qe "-[X]loggc"
+    if [ "$?" = "1" ] ; then # [X] to prevent ccm from replacing this line
+        # only add -Xlog:gc if it's not mentioned in jvm-server.options file
+        mkdir -p ${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xloggc:${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}/gc.log"
+    fi
+fi
+
+# Check what parameters were defined on jvm-server.options file to avoid conflicts
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xmn
+DEFINED_XMN=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xmx
+DEFINED_XMX=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xms
+DEFINED_XMS=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q UseConcMarkSweepGC
+USING_CMS=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q +UseG1GC
+USING_G1=$?
+
+# Override these to set the amount of memory to allocate to the JVM at
+# start-up. For production use you may wish to adjust this for your
+# environment. MAX_HEAP_SIZE is the total amount of memory dedicated
+# to the Java heap. HEAP_NEWSIZE refers to the size of the young
+# generation. Both MAX_HEAP_SIZE and HEAP_NEWSIZE should be either set
+# or not (if you set one, set the other).
+#
+# The main trade-off for the young generation is that the larger it
+# is, the longer GC pause times will be. The shorter it is, the more
+# expensive GC will be (usually).
+#
+# The example HEAP_NEWSIZE assumes a modern 8-core+ machine for decent pause
+# times. If in doubt, and if you do not particularly want to tweak, go with
+# 100 MB per physical CPU core.
+
+#MAX_HEAP_SIZE="4G"
+#HEAP_NEWSIZE="800M"
+
+# Set this to control the amount of arenas per-thread in glibc
+#export MALLOC_ARENA_MAX=4
+
+# only calculate the size if it's not set manually
+if [ "x$MAX_HEAP_SIZE" = "x" ] && [ "x$HEAP_NEWSIZE" = "x" -o $USING_G1 -eq 0 ]; then
+    calculate_heap_sizes
+elif [ "x$MAX_HEAP_SIZE" = "x" ] ||  [ "x$HEAP_NEWSIZE" = "x" -a $USING_G1 -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "please set or unset MAX_HEAP_SIZE and HEAP_NEWSIZE in pairs when using CMS GC (see cassandra-env.sh)"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ "x$MALLOC_ARENA_MAX" = "x" ] ; then
+    export MALLOC_ARENA_MAX=4
+fi
+
+# We only set -Xms and -Xmx if they were not defined on jvm-server.options file
+# If defined, both Xmx and Xms should be defined together.
+if [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ] && [ $DEFINED_XMS -ne 0 ]; then
+     JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xms${MAX_HEAP_SIZE}"
+     JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xmx${MAX_HEAP_SIZE}"
+elif [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ] || [ $DEFINED_XMS -ne 0 ]; then
+     echo "Please set or unset -Xmx and -Xms flags in pairs on jvm-server.options file."
+     exit 1
+fi
+
+# We only set -Xmn flag if it was not defined in jvm-server.options file
+# and if the CMS GC is being used
+# If defined, both Xmn and Xmx should be defined together.
+if [ $DEFINED_XMN -eq 0 ] && [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "Please set or unset -Xmx and -Xmn flags in pairs on jvm-server.options file."
+    exit 1
+elif [ $DEFINED_XMN -ne 0 ] && [ $USING_CMS -eq 0 ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xmn${HEAP_NEWSIZE}"
+fi
+
+# We fail to start if -Xmn is used with G1 GC is being used
+# See comments for -Xmn in jvm-server.options
+if [ $DEFINED_XMN -eq 0 ] && [ $USING_G1 -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo "It is not recommended to set -Xmn with the G1 garbage collector. See comments for -Xmn in jvm-server.options for details."
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ "$JVM_ARCH" = "64-Bit" ] && [ $USING_CMS -eq 0 ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+UseCondCardMark"
+fi
+
+# provides hints to the JIT compiler
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:CompileCommandFile=$CASSANDRA_CONF/hotspot_compiler"
+
+# add the jamm javaagent
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -javaagent:$CASSANDRA_HOME/lib/jamm-0.3.2.jar"
+
+# set jvm HeapDumpPath with CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR
+if [ "x$CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR" != "x" ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:HeapDumpPath=$CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR/cassandra-`date +%s`-pid$$.hprof"
+fi
+
+# stop the jvm on OutOfMemoryError as it can result in some data corruption
+# uncomment the preferred option
+# ExitOnOutOfMemoryError and CrashOnOutOfMemoryError require a JRE greater or equals to 1.7 update 101 or 1.8 update 92
+# For OnOutOfMemoryError we cannot use the JVM_OPTS variables because bash commands split words
+# on white spaces without taking quotes into account
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+ExitOnOutOfMemoryError"
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+CrashOnOutOfMemoryError"
+JVM_ON_OUT_OF_MEMORY_ERROR_OPT="-XX:OnOutOfMemoryError=kill -9 %p"
+
+# print an heap histogram on OutOfMemoryError
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.printHeapHistogramOnOutOfMemoryError=true"
+
+# jmx: metrics and administration interface
+#
+# add this if you're having trouble connecting:
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=<public name>"
+#
+# see
+# https://blogs.oracle.com/jmxetc/entry/troubleshooting_connection_problems_in_jconsole
+# for more on configuring JMX through firewalls, etc. (Short version:
+# get it working with no firewall first.)
+#
+# Cassandra ships with JMX accessible *only* from localhost.  
+# To enable remote JMX connections, uncomment lines below
+# with authentication and/or ssl enabled. See https://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/JmxSecurity 
+#
+if [ "x$LOCAL_JMX" = "x" ]; then
+    LOCAL_JMX=yes
+fi
+
+# Specifies the default port over which Cassandra will be available for
+# JMX connections.
+# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet.  Firewall it if needed.
+JMX_PORT="7199"
+
+if [ "$LOCAL_JMX" = "yes" ]; then
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.local.port=$JMX_PORT"
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false"
+else
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.remote.port=$JMX_PORT"
+  # if ssl is enabled the same port cannot be used for both jmx and rmi so either
+  # pick another value for this property or comment out to use a random port (though see CASSANDRA-7087 for origins)
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.rmi.port=$JMX_PORT"
+
+  # turn on JMX authentication. See below for further options
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true"
+
+  # jmx ssl options
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=true"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.need.client.auth=true"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.enabled.protocols=<enabled-protocols>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.enabled.cipher.suites=<enabled-cipher-suites>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=/path/to/keystore"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=<keystore-password>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/path/to/truststore"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=<truststore-password>"
+fi
+
+# jmx authentication and authorization options. By default, auth is only
+# activated for remote connections but they can also be enabled for local only JMX
+## Basic file based authn & authz
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=/etc/cassandra/jmxremote.password"
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=/etc/cassandra/jmxremote.access"
+## Custom auth settings which can be used as alternatives to JMX's out of the box auth utilities.
+## JAAS login modules can be used for authentication by uncommenting these two properties.
+## Cassandra ships with a LoginModule implementation - org.apache.cassandra.auth.CassandraLoginModule -
+## which delegates to the IAuthenticator configured in cassandra.yaml. See the sample JAAS configuration
+## file cassandra-jaas.config
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.remote.login.config=CassandraLogin"
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.security.auth.login.config=$CASSANDRA_CONF/cassandra-jaas.config"
+
+## Cassandra also ships with a helper for delegating JMX authz calls to the configured IAuthorizer,
+## uncomment this to use it. Requires one of the two authentication options to be enabled
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.authorizer=org.apache.cassandra.auth.jmx.AuthorizationProxy"
+
+# To use mx4j, an HTML interface for JMX, add mx4j-tools.jar to the lib/
+# directory.
+# See http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/operating/metrics.html#jmx
+# By default mx4j listens on the broadcast_address, port 8081. Uncomment the following lines
+# to control its listen address and port.
+#MX4J_ADDRESS="127.0.0.1"
+#MX4J_PORT="8081"
+
+# Cassandra uses SIGAR to capture OS metrics CASSANDRA-7838
+# for SIGAR we have to set the java.library.path
+# to the location of the native libraries.
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.library.path=$CASSANDRA_HOME/lib/sigar-bin"
+
+if [ "x$MX4J_ADDRESS" != "x" ]; then
+    if [[ "$MX4J_ADDRESS" == \-Dmx4jaddress* ]]; then
+        # Backward compatible with the older style #13578
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $MX4J_ADDRESS"
+    else
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dmx4jaddress=$MX4J_ADDRESS"
+    fi
+fi
+if [ "x$MX4J_PORT" != "x" ]; then
+    if [[ "$MX4J_PORT" == \-Dmx4jport* ]]; then
+        # Backward compatible with the older style #13578
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $MX4J_PORT"
+    else
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dmx4jport=$MX4J_PORT"
+    fi
+fi
+
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $JVM_EXTRA_OPTS"
+
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/cassandra-jaas.config
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/cassandra-jaas.config
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Delegates authentication to Cassandra's configured IAuthenticator
+CassandraLogin {
+  org.apache.cassandra.auth.CassandraLoginModule REQUIRED;
+};
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/cassandra-rackdc.properties
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/cassandra-rackdc.properties
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# These properties are used with GossipingPropertyFileSnitch and will
+# indicate the rack and dc for this node
+dc= Mars
+rack= West
+
+# Add a suffix to a datacenter name. Used by the Ec2Snitch and Ec2MultiRegionSnitch
+# to append a string to the EC2 region name.
+#dc_suffix=
+
+# Uncomment the following line to make this snitch prefer the internal ip when possible, as the Ec2MultiRegionSnitch does.
+# prefer_local=true
+
+# Datacenter and rack naming convention used by the Ec2Snitch and Ec2MultiRegionSnitch.
+# Options are:
+#   legacy : datacenter name is the part of the availability zone name preceding the last "-"
+#       when the zone ends in -1 and includes the number if not -1. Rack is the portion of
+#       the availability zone name following  the last "-".
+#       Examples: us-west-1a => dc: us-west, rack: 1a; us-west-2b => dc: us-west-2, rack: 2b; 
+#       YOU MUST USE THIS VALUE IF YOU ARE UPGRADING A PRE-4.0 CLUSTER
+#   standard : Default value. datacenter name is the standard AWS region name, including the number.
+#       rack name is the region plus the availability zone letter.
+#       Examples: us-west-1a => dc: us-west-1, rack: us-west-1a; us-west-2b => dc: us-west-2, rack: us-west-2b;
+# ec2_naming_scheme=standard
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/cassandra-topology.properties
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/cassandra-topology.properties
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# Cassandra Node IP=Data Center:Rack
+192.168.1.100=DC1:RAC1
+192.168.2.200=DC2:RAC2
+
+10.0.0.10=DC1:RAC1
+10.0.0.11=DC1:RAC1
+10.0.0.12=DC1:RAC2
+
+10.20.114.10=DC2:RAC1
+10.20.114.11=DC2:RAC1
+
+10.21.119.13=DC3:RAC1
+10.21.119.10=DC3:RAC1
+
+10.0.0.13=DC1:RAC2
+10.21.119.14=DC3:RAC2
+10.20.114.15=DC2:RAC2
+
+# default for unknown nodes
+default=DC1:r1
+
+# Native IPv6 is supported, however you must escape the colon in the IPv6 Address
+# Also be sure to comment out JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true"
+# in cassandra-env.sh
+fe80\:0\:0\:0\:202\:b3ff\:fe1e\:8329=DC1:RAC3
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/cassandra.yaml
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/cassandra.yaml
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/commitlog_archiving.properties
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/commitlog_archiving.properties
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# commitlog archiving configuration.  Leave blank to disable.
+
+# Command to execute to archive a commitlog segment
+# Parameters: %path => Fully qualified path of the segment to archive
+#             %name => Name of the commit log.
+# Example: archive_command=/bin/ln %path /backup/%name
+#
+# Limitation: *_command= expects one command with arguments. STDOUT
+# and STDIN or multiple commands cannot be executed.  You might want
+# to script multiple commands and add a pointer here.
+archive_command=
+
+# Command to execute to make an archived commitlog live again.
+# Parameters: %from is the full path to an archived commitlog segment (from restore_directories)
+#             %to is the live commitlog directory
+# Example: restore_command=/bin/cp -f %from %to
+restore_command=
+
+# Directory to scan the recovery files in.
+restore_directories=
+
+# Restore mutations created up to and including this timestamp in GMT.
+# Format: yyyy:MM:dd HH:mm:ss (2012:04:31 20:43:12)
+#
+# Recovery will continue through the segment when the first client-supplied
+# timestamp greater than this time is encountered, but only mutations less than
+# or equal to this timestamp will be applied.
+restore_point_in_time=
+
+# precision of the timestamp used in the inserts (MILLISECONDS, MICROSECONDS, ...)
+precision=MICROSECONDS
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/cqlshrc.sample
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/cqlshrc.sample
@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+; Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+; or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+; distributed with this work for additional information
+; regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+; to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+; "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+; with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+;
+;   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+;
+; Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+; software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+; "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+; KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+; specific language governing permissions and limitations
+; under the License.
+;
+; Sample ~/.cqlshrc file.
+
+[authentication]
+;; If Cassandra has auth enabled, fill out these options
+; username = fred
+; password = !!bang!!$
+; keyspace = ks1
+
+
+
+[ui]
+;; Whether or not to display query results with colors
+; color = on
+
+;; Used for displaying timestamps (and reading them with COPY)
+; time_format = %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%z
+
+;; Display timezone
+;timezone = Etc/UTC
+
+;; The number of digits displayed after the decimal point for single and double precision numbers
+;; (note that increasing this to large numbers can result in unusual values)
+;float_precision = 5
+;double_precision = 12
+
+;; Used for automatic completion and suggestions
+; completekey = tab
+
+;; The encoding used for characters
+; encoding = utf8
+
+; To use another than the system default browser for cqlsh HELP to open
+; the CQL doc HTML, use the 'browser' preference.
+; If the field value is empty or not specified, cqlsh will use the
+; default browser (specifying 'browser = default' does not work).
+;
+; Supported browsers are those supported by the Python webbrowser module.
+; (https://docs.python.org/3/library/webbrowser.html).
+;
+; Hint: to use Google Chome, use
+; 'browser = open -a /Applications/Google\ Chrome.app %s' on Mac OS X and
+; 'browser = /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable %s' on Linux and
+; 'browser = C:/Program Files (x86)/Google/Chrome/Application/chrome.exe %s' on Windows.
+;
+; This setting can be overridden with the --browser command line option.
+;
+;browser =
+
+[cql]
+;; A version of CQL to use (this should almost never be set)
+; version = 3.2.1
+
+
+
+[connection]
+
+;; The host to connect to
+hostname = 127.0.0.1
+
+;; The port to connect to (9042 is the native protocol default)
+port = 9042
+
+;; Always connect using SSL - false by default
+; ssl = true
+
+;; A timeout in seconds for opening new connections
+; timeout = 10
+
+;; A timeout in seconds for executing queries
+; request_timeout = 10
+
+
+
+[csv]
+;; The size limit for parsed fields
+; field_size_limit = 131072
+
+
+
+[tracing]
+;; The max number of seconds to wait for a trace to complete
+; max_trace_wait = 10.0
+
+
+
+;[ssl]
+; certfile = ~/keys/cassandra.cert
+
+;; Optional - true by default.
+;validate = true
+
+;; To be provided when require_client_auth=true
+;userkey = ~/key.pem
+
+;; To be provided when require_client_auth=true
+;usercert = ~/cert.pem
+
+
+
+;; Optional section, overrides default certfile in [ssl] section, if present
+; [certfiles]
+; 192.168.1.3 = ~/keys/cassandra01.cert
+; 192.168.1.4 = ~/keys/cassandra02.cert
+
+
+
+;; Options that are common to both COPY TO and COPY FROM
+; [copy]
+
+;; The string placeholder for null values
+; nullval = null
+
+;; For COPY TO, controls whether the first line in the CSV output file will
+;; contain the column names.  For COPY FROM, specifies whether the first
+;; line in the CSV file contains column names.
+; header = false
+
+;; The character that is used as the decimal point separator
+; decimalsep = .
+
+;; The character that is used to separate thousands
+;; (defaults to the empty string)
+; thousandssep =
+
+;; The string literal format for boolean values
+; boolstyle = True,False
+
+;; The number of child worker processes to create for
+;; COPY tasks.  Defaults to a max of 4 for COPY FROM and 16
+;; for COPY TO.  However, at most (num_cores - 1) processes
+;; will be created.
+; numprocesses =
+
+;; The maximum number of failed attempts to fetch a range of data (when using
+;; COPY TO) or insert a chunk of data (when using COPY FROM) before giving up
+; maxattempts = 5
+
+;; How often status updates are refreshed, in seconds
+; reportfrequency = 0.25
+
+;; An optional file to output rate statistics to
+; ratefile =
+
+
+
+;; Options specific to COPY TO
+; [copy-to]
+
+;; The maximum number token ranges to fetch simultaneously
+; maxrequests = 6
+
+;; The number of rows to fetch in a single page
+; pagesize = 1000
+
+;; By default the page timeout is 10 seconds per 1000 entries
+;; in the page size or 10 seconds if pagesize is smaller
+; pagetimeout = 10
+
+;; Token range to export.  Defaults to exporting the full ring.
+; begintoken =
+; endtoken =
+
+; The maximum size of the output file measured in number of lines;
+; beyond this maximum the output file will be split into segments.
+; -1 means unlimited.
+; maxoutputsize = -1
+
+;; The encoding used for characters
+; encoding = utf8
+
+
+
+;; Options specific to COPY FROM
+; [copy-from]
+
+;; The maximum number of rows to process per second
+; ingestrate = 100000
+
+;; The maximum number of rows to import (-1 means unlimited)
+; maxrows = -1
+
+;; A number of initial rows to skip
+; skiprows = 0
+
+;; A comma-separated list of column names to ignore
+; skipcols =
+
+;; The maximum global number of parsing errors to ignore, -1 means unlimited
+; maxparseerrors = -1
+
+;; The maximum global number of insert errors to ignore, -1 means unlimited
+; maxinserterrors = 1000
+
+;; A file to store all rows that could not be imported, by default this is
+;; import_<ks>_<table>.err where <ks> is your keyspace and <table> is your table name.
+; errfile =
+
+;; The min and max number of rows inserted in a single batch
+; maxbatchsize = 20
+; minbatchsize = 2
+
+;; The number of rows that are passed to child worker processes from
+;; the main process at a time
+; chunksize =  1000
+
+
+
+;; The options for COPY can also be specified per-table.  The following
+;; three sections demonstrate this.
+
+;; Optional table-specific options for COPY
+; [copy:mykeyspace.mytable]
+; chunksize = 1000
+
+;; Optional table-specific options for COPY FROM
+; [copy-from:mykeyspace.mytable]
+; ingestrate = 20000
+
+;; Optional table-specific options for COPY TO
+; [copy-to:mykeyspace.mytable]
+; pagetimeout = 30
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/hotspot_compiler
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/hotspot_compiler
@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+dontinline org.apache.cassandra.db.Columns$Serializer::deserializeLargeSubset (Lorg.apache.cassandra.io.util.DataInputPlus;Lorg.apache.cassandra.db.Columns;I)Lorg.apache.cassandra.db.Columns;
+dontinline org.apache.cassandra.db.Columns$Serializer::serializeLargeSubset (Ljava.util.Collection;ILorg.apache.cassandra.db.Columns;ILorg.apache.cassandra.io.util.DataOutputPlus;)V
+dontinline org.apache.cassandra.db.Columns$Serializer::serializeLargeSubsetSize (Ljava.util.Collection;ILorg.apache.cassandra.db.Columns;I)I
+dontinline org.apache.cassandra.db.commitlog.AbstractCommitLogSegmentManager::advanceAllocatingFrom (Lorg.apache.cassandra.db.commitlog.CommitLogSegment;)V
+dontinline org.apache.cassandra.db.transform.BaseIterator::tryGetMoreContents ()Z
+dontinline org.apache.cassandra.db.transform.StoppingTransformation::stop ()V
+dontinline org.apache.cassandra.db.transform.StoppingTransformation::stopInPartition ()V
+dontinline org.apache.cassandra.io.util.BufferedDataOutputStreamPlus::doFlush (I)V
+dontinline org.apache.cassandra.io.util.BufferedDataOutputStreamPlus::writeSlow (JI)V
+dontinline org.apache.cassandra.io.util.RebufferingInputStream::readPrimitiveSlowly (I)J
+exclude org.apache.cassandra.utils.JVMStabilityInspector::forceHeapSpaceOomMaybe (Ljava.lang.OutOfMemoryError;)V
+inline org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.UnfilteredSerializer::serializeRowBody (Lorg.apache.cassandra.db.rows.Row;ILorg.apache.cassandra.db.rows.SerializationHelper;Lorg.apache.cassandra.io.util.DataOutputPlus;)V
+inline org.apache.cassandra.io.util.Memory::checkBounds (JJ)V
+inline org.apache.cassandra.io.util.SafeMemory::checkBounds (JJ)V
+inline org.apache.cassandra.net.FrameDecoderWith8bHeader::decode (Ljava.util.Collection;Lorg.apache.cassandra.net.ShareableBytes;I)V
+inline org.apache.cassandra.service.reads.repair.RowIteratorMergeListener::applyToPartition (ILjava.util.function.Consumer;)V
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.AsymmetricOrdering::selectBoundary (Lorg.apache.cassandra.utils.AsymmetricOrdering.Op;II)I
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.AsymmetricOrdering::strictnessOfLessThan (Lorg.apache.cassandra.utils.AsymmetricOrdering.Op;)I
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.BloomFilter::indexes (Lorg.apache.cassandra.utils.IFilter.FilterKey;)[J
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.BloomFilter::setIndexes (JJIJ[J)V
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.ByteBufferUtil::compare (Ljava.nio.ByteBuffer;[B)I
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.ByteBufferUtil::compare ([BLjava.nio.ByteBuffer;)I
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.ByteBufferUtil::compareUnsigned (Ljava.nio.ByteBuffer;Ljava.nio.ByteBuffer;)I
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.FastByteOperations$UnsafeOperations::compareTo (Ljava.lang.Object;JILjava.lang.Object;JI)I
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.FastByteOperations$UnsafeOperations::compareTo (Ljava.lang.Object;JILjava.nio.ByteBuffer;)I
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.FastByteOperations$UnsafeOperations::compareTo (Ljava.nio.ByteBuffer;Ljava.nio.ByteBuffer;)I
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.memory.BufferPool$LocalPool::tryGetInternal (IZ)Ljava.nio.ByteBuffer;
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.vint.VIntCoding::encodeUnsignedVInt (JI)[B
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.vint.VIntCoding::encodeUnsignedVInt (JI[B)V
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.vint.VIntCoding::writeUnsignedVInt (JLjava.io.DataOutput;)V
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.vint.VIntCoding::writeUnsignedVInt (JLjava.nio.ByteBuffer;)V
+inline org.apache.cassandra.utils.vint.VIntCoding::writeVInt (JLjava.io.DataOutput;)V
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/jvm-clients.options
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/jvm-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm-clients.options                             #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm8-clients.options and jvm11-clients.options for Java version     #
+# specific options.                                                       #
+###########################################################################
+
+# intentionally left empty
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/jvm-server.options
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/jvm-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm-server.options                              #
+#                                                                         #
+# - all flags defined here will be used by cassandra to startup the JVM   #
+# - one flag should be specified per line                                 #
+# - lines that do not start with '-' will be ignored                      #
+# - only static flags are accepted (no variables or parameters)           #
+# - dynamic flags will be appended to these on cassandra-env              #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm8-server.options and jvm11-server.options for Java version       #
+# specific options.                                                       #
+###########################################################################
+
+######################
+# STARTUP PARAMETERS #
+######################
+
+# Uncomment any of the following properties to enable specific startup parameters
+
+# In a multi-instance deployment, multiple Cassandra instances will independently assume that all
+# CPU processors are available to it. This setting allows you to specify a smaller set of processors
+# and perhaps have affinity.
+#-Dcassandra.available_processors=number_of_processors
+
+# The directory location of the cassandra.yaml file.
+#-Dcassandra.config=directory
+
+# Sets the initial partitioner token for a node the first time the node is started.
+#-Dcassandra.initial_token=token
+
+# Set to false to start Cassandra on a node but not have the node join the cluster.
+#-Dcassandra.join_ring=true|false
+
+# Set to false to clear all gossip state for the node on restart. Use when you have changed node
+# information in cassandra.yaml (such as listen_address).
+#-Dcassandra.load_ring_state=true|false
+
+# Enable pluggable metrics reporter. See Pluggable metrics reporting in Cassandra 2.0.2.
+#-Dcassandra.metricsReporterConfigFile=file
+
+# Set the port on which the CQL native transport listens for clients. (Default: 9042)
+#-Dcassandra.native_transport_port=port
+
+# Overrides the partitioner. (Default: org.apache.cassandra.dht.Murmur3Partitioner)
+#-Dcassandra.partitioner=partitioner
+
+# To replace a node that has died, restart a new node in its place specifying the address of the
+# dead node. The new node must not have any data in its data directory, that is, it must be in the
+# same state as before bootstrapping.
+#-Dcassandra.replace_address=listen_address or broadcast_address of dead node
+
+# Allow restoring specific tables from an archived commit log.
+#-Dcassandra.replayList=table
+
+# Allows overriding of the default RING_DELAY (30000ms), which is the amount of time a node waits
+# before joining the ring.
+#-Dcassandra.ring_delay_ms=ms
+
+# Set the SSL port for encrypted communication. (Default: 7001)
+#-Dcassandra.ssl_storage_port=port
+
+# Set the port for inter-node communication. (Default: 7000)
+#-Dcassandra.storage_port=port
+
+# Set the default location for the trigger JARs. (Default: conf/triggers)
+#-Dcassandra.triggers_dir=directory
+
+# For testing new compaction and compression strategies. It allows you to experiment with different
+# strategies and benchmark write performance differences without affecting the production workload. 
+#-Dcassandra.write_survey=true
+
+# To disable configuration via JMX of auth caches (such as those for credentials, permissions and
+# roles). This will mean those config options can only be set (persistently) in cassandra.yaml
+# and will require a restart for new values to take effect.
+#-Dcassandra.disable_auth_caches_remote_configuration=true
+
+# To disable dynamic calculation of the page size used when indexing an entire partition (during
+# initial index build/rebuild). If set to true, the page size will be fixed to the default of
+# 10000 rows per page.
+#-Dcassandra.force_default_indexing_page_size=true
+
+# Imposes an upper bound on hint lifetime below the normal min gc_grace_seconds
+#-Dcassandra.maxHintTTL=max_hint_ttl_in_seconds
+
+########################
+# GENERAL JVM SETTINGS #
+########################
+
+# enable assertions. highly suggested for correct application functionality.
+-ea
+
+# disable assertions for net.openhft.** because it runs out of memory by design
+# if enabled and run for more than just brief testing
+-da:net.openhft...
+
+# enable thread priorities, primarily so we can give periodic tasks
+# a lower priority to avoid interfering with client workload
+-XX:+UseThreadPriorities
+
+# Enable heap-dump if there's an OOM
+-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
+
+# Per-thread stack size.
+-Xss256k
+
+# Make sure all memory is faulted and zeroed on startup.
+# This helps prevent soft faults in containers and makes
+# transparent hugepage allocation more effective.
+-XX:+AlwaysPreTouch
+
+# Disable biased locking as it does not benefit Cassandra.
+-XX:-UseBiasedLocking
+
+# Enable thread-local allocation blocks and allow the JVM to automatically
+# resize them at runtime.
+-XX:+UseTLAB
+-XX:+ResizeTLAB
+-XX:+UseNUMA
+
+# http://www.evanjones.ca/jvm-mmap-pause.html
+-XX:+PerfDisableSharedMem
+
+# Prefer binding to IPv4 network intefaces (when net.ipv6.bindv6only=1). See
+# http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6342561 (short version:
+# comment out this entry to enable IPv6 support).
+-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true
+
+### Debug options
+
+# uncomment to enable flight recorder
+#-XX:+UnlockCommercialFeatures
+#-XX:+FlightRecorder
+
+# uncomment to have Cassandra JVM listen for remote debuggers/profilers on port 1414
+#-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=1414
+
+# uncomment to have Cassandra JVM log internal method compilation (developers only)
+#-XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions
+#-XX:+LogCompilation
+
+#################
+# HEAP SETTINGS #
+#################
+
+# Heap size is automatically calculated by cassandra-env based on this
+# formula: max(min(1/2 ram, 1024MB), min(1/4 ram, 8GB))
+# That is:
+# - calculate 1/2 ram and cap to 1024MB
+# - calculate 1/4 ram and cap to 8192MB
+# - pick the max
+#
+# For production use you may wish to adjust this for your environment.
+# If that's the case, uncomment the -Xmx and Xms options below to override the
+# automatic calculation of JVM heap memory.
+#
+# It is recommended to set min (-Xms) and max (-Xmx) heap sizes to
+# the same value to avoid stop-the-world GC pauses during resize, and
+# so that we can lock the heap in memory on startup to prevent any
+# of it from being swapped out.
+#-Xms4G
+#-Xmx4G
+
+# Young generation size is automatically calculated by cassandra-env
+# based on this formula: min(100 * num_cores, 1/4 * heap size)
+#
+# The main trade-off for the young generation is that the larger it
+# is, the longer GC pause times will be. The shorter it is, the more
+# expensive GC will be (usually).
+#
+# It is not recommended to set the young generation size if using the
+# G1 GC, since that will override the target pause-time goal.
+# More info: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/java/g1gc-1984535.html
+#
+# The example below assumes a modern 8-core+ machine for decent
+# times. If in doubt, and if you do not particularly want to tweak, go
+# 100 MB per physical CPU core.
+#-Xmn800M
+
+###################################
+# EXPIRATION DATE OVERFLOW POLICY #
+###################################
+
+# Defines how to handle INSERT requests with TTL exceeding the maximum supported expiration date:
+# * REJECT: this is the default policy and will reject any requests with expiration date timestamp after 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00.
+# * CAP: any insert with TTL expiring after 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00 will expire on 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00 and the client will receive a warning.
+# * CAP_NOWARN: same as previous, except that the client warning will not be emitted.
+#
+#-Dcassandra.expiration_date_overflow_policy=REJECT
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/jvm11-clients.options
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/jvm11-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm11-clients.options                           #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-clients.options. This file is specific for Java 11 and newer.   #
+###########################################################################
+
+###################
+#  JPMS SETTINGS  #
+###################
+
+-Djdk.attach.allowAttachSelf=true
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.misc=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/sun.nio.ch=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.management.rmi/com.sun.jmx.remote.internal.rmi=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.registry=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.server=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.sql/java.sql=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+--add-opens java.base/java.lang.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.loader=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.reflect=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.math=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.util.jar=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens jdk.management/com.sun.management.internal=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/jvm11-server.options
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/jvm11-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm11-server.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-server.options. This file is specific for Java 11 and newer.    #
+###########################################################################
+
+#################
+#  GC SETTINGS  #
+#################
+
+
+
+### CMS Settings
+-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
+-XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled
+-XX:SurvivorRatio=8
+-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=1
+-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75
+-XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly
+-XX:CMSWaitDuration=10000
+-XX:+CMSParallelInitialMarkEnabled
+-XX:+CMSEdenChunksRecordAlways
+## some JVMs will fill up their heap when accessed via JMX, see CASSANDRA-6541
+-XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled
+
+
+
+### G1 Settings
+## Use the Hotspot garbage-first collector.
+#-XX:+UseG1GC
+#-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled
+
+#
+## Have the JVM do less remembered set work during STW, instead
+## preferring concurrent GC. Reduces p99.9 latency.
+#-XX:G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent=5
+#
+## Main G1GC tunable: lowering the pause target will lower throughput and vise versa.
+## 200ms is the JVM default and lowest viable setting
+## 1000ms increases throughput. Keep it smaller than the timeouts in cassandra.yaml.
+#-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=500
+
+## Optional G1 Settings
+# Save CPU time on large (>= 16GB) heaps by delaying region scanning
+# until the heap is 70% full. The default in Hotspot 8u40 is 40%.
+#-XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=70
+
+# For systems with > 8 cores, the default ParallelGCThreads is 5/8 the number of logical cores.
+# Otherwise equal to the number of cores when 8 or less.
+# Machines with > 10 cores should try setting these to <= full cores.
+#-XX:ParallelGCThreads=16
+# By default, ConcGCThreads is 1/4 of ParallelGCThreads.
+# Setting both to the same value can reduce STW durations.
+#-XX:ConcGCThreads=16
+
+
+### JPMS
+
+-Djdk.attach.allowAttachSelf=true
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.misc=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/sun.nio.ch=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.management.rmi/com.sun.jmx.remote.internal.rmi=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.registry=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.server=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.sql/java.sql=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+--add-opens java.base/java.lang.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.loader=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.reflect=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.math=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.util.jar=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens jdk.management/com.sun.management.internal=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+
+### GC logging options -- uncomment to enable
+
+# Java 11 (and newer) GC logging options:
+# See description of https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8046148 for details about the syntax
+# The following is the equivalent to -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10 -XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+#-Xlog:gc=info,heap*=trace,age*=debug,safepoint=info,promotion*=trace:file=/var/log/cassandra/gc.log:time,uptime,pid,tid,level:filecount=10,filesize=10485760
+
+# Notes for Java 8 migration:
+#
+# -XX:+PrintGCDetails                   maps to -Xlog:gc*:... - i.e. add a '*' after "gc"
+# -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps                maps to decorator 'time'
+#
+# -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC                    maps to 'heap' with level 'trace'
+# -XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution        maps to 'age' with level 'debug'
+# -XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime    maps to 'safepoint' with level 'info'
+# -XX:+PrintPromotionFailure            maps to 'promotion' with level 'trace'
+# -XX:PrintFLSStatistics=1              maps to 'freelist' with level 'trace'
+
+### Netty Options
+
+# On Java >= 9 Netty requires the io.netty.tryReflectionSetAccessible system property to be set to true to enable
+# creation of direct buffers using Unsafe. Without it, this falls back to ByteBuffer.allocateDirect which has
+# inferior performance and risks exceeding MaxDirectMemory
+-Dio.netty.tryReflectionSetAccessible=true
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/jvm8-clients.options
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/jvm8-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm8-clients.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-clients.options. This file is specific for Java 8 and newer.    #
+###########################################################################
+
+# intentionally left empty
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/jvm8-server.options
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/jvm8-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                          jvm8-server.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-server.options. This file is specific for Java 8 and newer.     #
+###########################################################################
+
+########################
+# GENERAL JVM SETTINGS #
+########################
+
+# allows lowering thread priority without being root on linux - probably
+# not necessary on Windows but doesn't harm anything.
+# see http://tech.stolsvik.com/2010/01/linux-java-thread-priorities-workaround.html
+-XX:ThreadPriorityPolicy=42
+
+#################
+#  GC SETTINGS  #
+#################
+
+### CMS Settings
+-XX:+UseParNewGC
+-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
+-XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled
+-XX:SurvivorRatio=8
+-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=1
+-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75
+-XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly
+-XX:CMSWaitDuration=10000
+-XX:+CMSParallelInitialMarkEnabled
+-XX:+CMSEdenChunksRecordAlways
+## some JVMs will fill up their heap when accessed via JMX, see CASSANDRA-6541
+-XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled
+
+### G1 Settings
+## Use the Hotspot garbage-first collector.
+#-XX:+UseG1GC
+#-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled
+
+#
+## Have the JVM do less remembered set work during STW, instead
+## preferring concurrent GC. Reduces p99.9 latency.
+#-XX:G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent=5
+#
+## Main G1GC tunable: lowering the pause target will lower throughput and vise versa.
+## 200ms is the JVM default and lowest viable setting
+## 1000ms increases throughput. Keep it smaller than the timeouts in cassandra.yaml.
+#-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=500
+
+## Optional G1 Settings
+# Save CPU time on large (>= 16GB) heaps by delaying region scanning
+# until the heap is 70% full. The default in Hotspot 8u40 is 40%.
+#-XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=70
+
+# For systems with > 8 cores, the default ParallelGCThreads is 5/8 the number of logical cores.
+# Otherwise equal to the number of cores when 8 or less.
+# Machines with > 10 cores should try setting these to <= full cores.
+#-XX:ParallelGCThreads=16
+# By default, ConcGCThreads is 1/4 of ParallelGCThreads.
+# Setting both to the same value can reduce STW durations.
+#-XX:ConcGCThreads=16
+
+### GC logging options -- uncomment to enable
+
+-XX:+PrintGCDetails
+-XX:+PrintGCDateStamps
+-XX:+PrintHeapAtGC
+-XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution
+-XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime
+-XX:+PrintPromotionFailure
+#-XX:PrintFLSStatistics=1
+#-Xloggc:/var/log/cassandra/gc.log
+-XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation
+-XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10
+-XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/logback-tools.xml
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/logback-tools.xml
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+-->
+
+<configuration>
+  <appender name="STDERR" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
+    <target>System.err</target>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level %date{"HH:mm:ss,SSS"} %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
+      <level>WARN</level>
+    </filter>
+  </appender>
+
+  <root level="WARN">
+    <appender-ref ref="STDERR" />
+  </root>
+</configuration>
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/logback.xml
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/logback.xml
@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+-->
+
+<!--
+In order to disable debug.log, comment-out the ASYNCDEBUGLOG
+appender reference in the root level section below.
+-->
+
+<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="60 seconds">
+  <jmxConfigurator />
+
+  <!-- No shutdown hook; we run it ourselves in StorageService after shutdown -->
+
+  <!-- SYSTEMLOG rolling file appender to system.log (INFO level) -->
+
+  <appender name="SYSTEMLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
+      <level>INFO</level>
+    </filter>
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/system.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/system.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern>
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 7 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- DEBUGLOG rolling file appender to debug.log (all levels) -->
+
+  <appender name="DEBUGLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/debug.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/debug.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern>
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 7 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- ASYNCLOG assynchronous appender to debug.log (all levels) -->
+
+  <appender name="ASYNCDEBUGLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
+    <queueSize>1024</queueSize>
+    <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
+    <includeCallerData>true</includeCallerData>
+    <appender-ref ref="DEBUGLOG" />
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- STDOUT console appender to stdout (INFO level) -->
+
+  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
+    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
+      <level>INFO</level>
+    </filter>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- Uncomment below configuration (Audit Logging (FileAuditLogger) rolling file appender and Audit Logging
+  additivity) in order to have the log events flow through separate log file instead of system.log.
+  Audit Logging (FileAuditLogger) rolling file appender to audit.log -->
+  <!-- <appender name="AUDIT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/audit/audit.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy"> -->
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <!-- <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/audit/audit.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern> -->
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 30 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <!-- <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender> -->
+
+  <!-- Audit Logging additivity to redirect audit logging events to audit/audit.log -->
+  <!-- <logger name="org.apache.cassandra.audit" additivity="false" level="INFO">
+    <appender-ref ref="AUDIT"/>
+  </logger> -->
+
+  <!-- Uncomment bellow and corresponding appender-ref to activate logback metrics
+  <appender name="LogbackMetrics" class="com.codahale.metrics.logback.InstrumentedAppender" />
+   -->
+
+  <root level="INFO">
+    <appender-ref ref="SYSTEMLOG" />
+    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
+    <appender-ref ref="ASYNCDEBUGLOG" /> <!-- Comment this line to disable debug.log -->
+    <!--
+    <appender-ref ref="LogbackMetrics" />
+    -->
+  </root>
+
+  <logger name="org.apache.cassandra" level="DEBUG"/>
+</configuration>
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/metrics-reporter-config-sample.yaml
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/metrics-reporter-config-sample.yaml
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+# For details see:
+# * http://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/Metrics
+# * https://github.com/addthis/metrics-reporter-config
+
+# This is an example file for configuring which metrics should go
+# where.  The sample sends everything to a flat file for humans to
+# poke at.  metrics-ganglia or metrics-graphite are more likely to
+# operationally useful.
+
+# Some metrics are global for a node (KeyCache capacity) while others
+# are broken down by column family or even IP.  The sample list
+# includes all of the global metrics via a while list.  To include
+# metrics for the system column family for example add
+# "^org.apache.cassandra.metrics.ColumnFamily.system.+".
+
+
+# Start Cassandra with
+# -Dcassandra.metricsReporterConfigFile=metrics-reporter-config.yaml
+# for this file to be used.  If you are using metrics-ganglia,
+# metrics-graphite, or a custom reporter you will also have to add those
+# jars to the lib directory.  Nothing in this file can affect
+# jmx metrics.
+
+
+console:
+  -
+    outfile: '/tmp/metrics.out'
+    period: 10
+    timeunit: 'SECONDS'
+    predicate:
+      color: "white"
+      useQualifiedName: true
+      patterns:
+        - "^org.apache.cassandra.metrics.Cache.+"
+        - "^org.apache.cassandra.metrics.ClientRequest.+" # includes ClientRequestMetrics
+        - "^org.apache.cassandra.metrics.CommitLog.+"
+        - "^org.apache.cassandra.metrics.Compaction.+"
+        - "^org.apache.cassandra.metrics.DroppedMessage.+"
+        - "^org.apache.cassandra.metrics.ReadRepair.+"
+        - "^org.apache.cassandra.metrics.Storage.+"
+        - "^org.apache.cassandra.metrics.ThreadPools.+"
--- a/etc/_copy_cass1/triggers/README.txt
+++ b/etc/_copy_cass1/triggers/README.txt
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Place triggers to be loaded in this directory, as jar files.
--- a/etc/cass1/.gitignore
+++ b/etc/cass1/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# ignore everything
+#*
+
+# except
+# .gitignore
+# !cassandra.yaml
+# !jvm*
+# !logback.xml
+# !commitlog_archiving.properties
+# !cassandra-rackdc.properties
+# !cassandra-env.sh
--- a/etc/cass1/cassandra-env.sh
+++ b/etc/cass1/cassandra-env.sh
@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+calculate_heap_sizes()
+{
+    case "`uname`" in
+        Linux)
+            system_memory_in_mb=`free -m | awk '/:/ {print $2;exit}'`
+            system_cpu_cores=`egrep -c 'processor([[:space:]]+):.*' /proc/cpuinfo`
+        ;;
+        FreeBSD)
+            system_memory_in_bytes=`sysctl hw.physmem | awk '{print $2}'`
+            system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_bytes / 1024 / 1024`
+            system_cpu_cores=`sysctl hw.ncpu | awk '{print $2}'`
+        ;;
+        SunOS)
+            system_memory_in_mb=`prtconf | awk '/Memory size:/ {print $3}'`
+            system_cpu_cores=`psrinfo | wc -l`
+        ;;
+        Darwin)
+            system_memory_in_bytes=`sysctl hw.memsize | awk '{print $2}'`
+            system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_bytes / 1024 / 1024`
+            system_cpu_cores=`sysctl hw.ncpu | awk '{print $2}'`
+        ;;
+        *)
+            # assume reasonable defaults for e.g. a modern desktop or
+            # cheap server
+            system_memory_in_mb="2048"
+            system_cpu_cores="2"
+        ;;
+    esac
+
+    # some systems like the raspberry pi don't report cores, use at least 1
+    if [ "$system_cpu_cores" -lt "1" ]
+    then
+        system_cpu_cores="1"
+    fi
+
+    # set max heap size based on the following
+    # max(min(1/2 ram, 1024MB), min(1/4 ram, 8GB))
+    # calculate 1/2 ram and cap to 1024MB
+    # calculate 1/4 ram and cap to 8192MB
+    # pick the max
+    half_system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_mb / 2`
+    quarter_system_memory_in_mb=`expr $half_system_memory_in_mb / 2`
+    if [ "$half_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "1024" ]
+    then
+        half_system_memory_in_mb="1024"
+    fi
+    if [ "$quarter_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "8192" ]
+    then
+        quarter_system_memory_in_mb="8192"
+    fi
+    if [ "$half_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "$quarter_system_memory_in_mb" ]
+    then
+        max_heap_size_in_mb="$half_system_memory_in_mb"
+    else
+        max_heap_size_in_mb="$quarter_system_memory_in_mb"
+    fi
+    MAX_HEAP_SIZE="${max_heap_size_in_mb}M"
+
+    # Young gen: min(max_sensible_per_modern_cpu_core * num_cores, 1/4 * heap size)
+    max_sensible_yg_per_core_in_mb="100"
+    max_sensible_yg_in_mb=`expr $max_sensible_yg_per_core_in_mb "*" $system_cpu_cores`
+
+    desired_yg_in_mb=`expr $max_heap_size_in_mb / 4`
+
+    if [ "$desired_yg_in_mb" -gt "$max_sensible_yg_in_mb" ]
+    then
+        HEAP_NEWSIZE="${max_sensible_yg_in_mb}M"
+    else
+        HEAP_NEWSIZE="${desired_yg_in_mb}M"
+    fi
+}
+
+# Sets the path where logback and GC logs are written.
+if [ "x$CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR" = "x" ] ; then
+    CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR="$CASSANDRA_HOME/logs"
+fi
+
+#GC log path has to be defined here because it needs to access CASSANDRA_HOME
+if [ $JAVA_VERSION -ge 11 ] ; then
+    # See description of https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8046148 for details about the syntax
+    # The following is the equivalent to -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10 -XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+    echo "$JVM_OPTS" | grep -qe "-[X]log:gc"
+    if [ "$?" = "1" ] ; then # [X] to prevent ccm from replacing this line
+        # only add -Xlog:gc if it's not mentioned in jvm-server.options file
+        mkdir -p ${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xlog:gc=info,heap*=trace,age*=debug,safepoint=info,promotion*=trace:file=${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}/gc.log:time,uptime,pid,tid,level:filecount=10,filesize=10485760"
+    fi
+else
+    # Java 8
+    echo "$JVM_OPTS" | grep -qe "-[X]loggc"
+    if [ "$?" = "1" ] ; then # [X] to prevent ccm from replacing this line
+        # only add -Xlog:gc if it's not mentioned in jvm-server.options file
+        mkdir -p ${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xloggc:${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}/gc.log"
+    fi
+fi
+
+# Check what parameters were defined on jvm-server.options file to avoid conflicts
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xmn
+DEFINED_XMN=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xmx
+DEFINED_XMX=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xms
+DEFINED_XMS=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q UseConcMarkSweepGC
+USING_CMS=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q +UseG1GC
+USING_G1=$?
+
+# Override these to set the amount of memory to allocate to the JVM at
+# start-up. For production use you may wish to adjust this for your
+# environment. MAX_HEAP_SIZE is the total amount of memory dedicated
+# to the Java heap. HEAP_NEWSIZE refers to the size of the young
+# generation. Both MAX_HEAP_SIZE and HEAP_NEWSIZE should be either set
+# or not (if you set one, set the other).
+#
+# The main trade-off for the young generation is that the larger it
+# is, the longer GC pause times will be. The shorter it is, the more
+# expensive GC will be (usually).
+#
+# The example HEAP_NEWSIZE assumes a modern 8-core+ machine for decent pause
+# times. If in doubt, and if you do not particularly want to tweak, go with
+# 100 MB per physical CPU core.
+
+#MAX_HEAP_SIZE="4G"
+#HEAP_NEWSIZE="800M"
+
+# Set this to control the amount of arenas per-thread in glibc
+#export MALLOC_ARENA_MAX=4
+
+# only calculate the size if it's not set manually
+if [ "x$MAX_HEAP_SIZE" = "x" ] && [ "x$HEAP_NEWSIZE" = "x" -o $USING_G1 -eq 0 ]; then
+    calculate_heap_sizes
+elif [ "x$MAX_HEAP_SIZE" = "x" ] ||  [ "x$HEAP_NEWSIZE" = "x" -a $USING_G1 -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "please set or unset MAX_HEAP_SIZE and HEAP_NEWSIZE in pairs when using CMS GC (see cassandra-env.sh)"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ "x$MALLOC_ARENA_MAX" = "x" ] ; then
+    export MALLOC_ARENA_MAX=4
+fi
+
+# We only set -Xms and -Xmx if they were not defined on jvm-server.options file
+# If defined, both Xmx and Xms should be defined together.
+if [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ] && [ $DEFINED_XMS -ne 0 ]; then
+     JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xms${MAX_HEAP_SIZE}"
+     JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xmx${MAX_HEAP_SIZE}"
+elif [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ] || [ $DEFINED_XMS -ne 0 ]; then
+     echo "Please set or unset -Xmx and -Xms flags in pairs on jvm-server.options file."
+     exit 1
+fi
+
+# We only set -Xmn flag if it was not defined in jvm-server.options file
+# and if the CMS GC is being used
+# If defined, both Xmn and Xmx should be defined together.
+if [ $DEFINED_XMN -eq 0 ] && [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "Please set or unset -Xmx and -Xmn flags in pairs on jvm-server.options file."
+    exit 1
+elif [ $DEFINED_XMN -ne 0 ] && [ $USING_CMS -eq 0 ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xmn${HEAP_NEWSIZE}"
+fi
+
+# We fail to start if -Xmn is used with G1 GC is being used
+# See comments for -Xmn in jvm-server.options
+if [ $DEFINED_XMN -eq 0 ] && [ $USING_G1 -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo "It is not recommended to set -Xmn with the G1 garbage collector. See comments for -Xmn in jvm-server.options for details."
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ "$JVM_ARCH" = "64-Bit" ] && [ $USING_CMS -eq 0 ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+UseCondCardMark"
+fi
+
+# provides hints to the JIT compiler
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:CompileCommandFile=$CASSANDRA_CONF/hotspot_compiler"
+
+# add the jamm javaagent
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -javaagent:$CASSANDRA_HOME/lib/jamm-0.3.2.jar"
+
+# set jvm HeapDumpPath with CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR
+if [ "x$CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR" != "x" ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:HeapDumpPath=$CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR/cassandra-`date +%s`-pid$$.hprof"
+fi
+
+# stop the jvm on OutOfMemoryError as it can result in some data corruption
+# uncomment the preferred option
+# ExitOnOutOfMemoryError and CrashOnOutOfMemoryError require a JRE greater or equals to 1.7 update 101 or 1.8 update 92
+# For OnOutOfMemoryError we cannot use the JVM_OPTS variables because bash commands split words
+# on white spaces without taking quotes into account
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+ExitOnOutOfMemoryError"
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+CrashOnOutOfMemoryError"
+JVM_ON_OUT_OF_MEMORY_ERROR_OPT="-XX:OnOutOfMemoryError=kill -9 %p"
+
+# print an heap histogram on OutOfMemoryError
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.printHeapHistogramOnOutOfMemoryError=true"
+
+# jmx: metrics and administration interface
+#
+# add this if you're having trouble connecting:
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=<public name>"
+#
+# see
+# https://blogs.oracle.com/jmxetc/entry/troubleshooting_connection_problems_in_jconsole
+# for more on configuring JMX through firewalls, etc. (Short version:
+# get it working with no firewall first.)
+#
+# Cassandra ships with JMX accessible *only* from localhost.  
+# To enable remote JMX connections, uncomment lines below
+# with authentication and/or ssl enabled. See https://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/JmxSecurity 
+#
+if [ "x$LOCAL_JMX" = "x" ]; then
+    LOCAL_JMX=yes
+fi
+
+# Specifies the default port over which Cassandra will be available for
+# JMX connections.
+# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet.  Firewall it if needed.
+JMX_PORT="7199"
+
+if [ "$LOCAL_JMX" = "yes" ]; then
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.local.port=$JMX_PORT"
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false"
+else
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.remote.port=$JMX_PORT"
+  # if ssl is enabled the same port cannot be used for both jmx and rmi so either
+  # pick another value for this property or comment out to use a random port (though see CASSANDRA-7087 for origins)
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.rmi.port=$JMX_PORT"
+
+  # turn on JMX authentication. See below for further options
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true"
+
+  # jmx ssl options
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=true"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.need.client.auth=true"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.enabled.protocols=<enabled-protocols>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.enabled.cipher.suites=<enabled-cipher-suites>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=/path/to/keystore"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=<keystore-password>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/path/to/truststore"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=<truststore-password>"
+fi
+
+# jmx authentication and authorization options. By default, auth is only
+# activated for remote connections but they can also be enabled for local only JMX
+## Basic file based authn & authz
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=/etc/cassandra/jmxremote.password"
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=/etc/cassandra/jmxremote.access"
+## Custom auth settings which can be used as alternatives to JMX's out of the box auth utilities.
+## JAAS login modules can be used for authentication by uncommenting these two properties.
+## Cassandra ships with a LoginModule implementation - org.apache.cassandra.auth.CassandraLoginModule -
+## which delegates to the IAuthenticator configured in cassandra.yaml. See the sample JAAS configuration
+## file cassandra-jaas.config
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.remote.login.config=CassandraLogin"
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.security.auth.login.config=$CASSANDRA_CONF/cassandra-jaas.config"
+
+## Cassandra also ships with a helper for delegating JMX authz calls to the configured IAuthorizer,
+## uncomment this to use it. Requires one of the two authentication options to be enabled
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.authorizer=org.apache.cassandra.auth.jmx.AuthorizationProxy"
+
+# To use mx4j, an HTML interface for JMX, add mx4j-tools.jar to the lib/
+# directory.
+# See http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/operating/metrics.html#jmx
+# By default mx4j listens on the broadcast_address, port 8081. Uncomment the following lines
+# to control its listen address and port.
+#MX4J_ADDRESS="127.0.0.1"
+#MX4J_PORT="8081"
+
+# Cassandra uses SIGAR to capture OS metrics CASSANDRA-7838
+# for SIGAR we have to set the java.library.path
+# to the location of the native libraries.
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.library.path=$CASSANDRA_HOME/lib/sigar-bin"
+
+if [ "x$MX4J_ADDRESS" != "x" ]; then
+    if [[ "$MX4J_ADDRESS" == \-Dmx4jaddress* ]]; then
+        # Backward compatible with the older style #13578
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $MX4J_ADDRESS"
+    else
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dmx4jaddress=$MX4J_ADDRESS"
+    fi
+fi
+if [ "x$MX4J_PORT" != "x" ]; then
+    if [[ "$MX4J_PORT" == \-Dmx4jport* ]]; then
+        # Backward compatible with the older style #13578
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $MX4J_PORT"
+    else
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dmx4jport=$MX4J_PORT"
+    fi
+fi
+
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $JVM_EXTRA_OPTS"
+
--- a/etc/cass1/cassandra-rackdc.properties
+++ b/etc/cass1/cassandra-rackdc.properties
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# These properties are used with GossipingPropertyFileSnitch and will
+# indicate the rack and dc for this node
+dc= Mars
+rack= West
+
+# Add a suffix to a datacenter name. Used by the Ec2Snitch and Ec2MultiRegionSnitch
+# to append a string to the EC2 region name.
+#dc_suffix=
+
+# Uncomment the following line to make this snitch prefer the internal ip when possible, as the Ec2MultiRegionSnitch does.
+# prefer_local=true
+
+# Datacenter and rack naming convention used by the Ec2Snitch and Ec2MultiRegionSnitch.
+# Options are:
+#   legacy : datacenter name is the part of the availability zone name preceding the last "-"
+#       when the zone ends in -1 and includes the number if not -1. Rack is the portion of
+#       the availability zone name following  the last "-".
+#       Examples: us-west-1a => dc: us-west, rack: 1a; us-west-2b => dc: us-west-2, rack: 2b; 
+#       YOU MUST USE THIS VALUE IF YOU ARE UPGRADING A PRE-4.0 CLUSTER
+#   standard : Default value. datacenter name is the standard AWS region name, including the number.
+#       rack name is the region plus the availability zone letter.
+#       Examples: us-west-1a => dc: us-west-1, rack: us-west-1a; us-west-2b => dc: us-west-2, rack: us-west-2b;
+# ec2_naming_scheme=standard
--- a/etc/cass1/cassandra.yaml
+++ b/etc/cass1/cassandra.yaml
--- a/etc/cass1/commitlog_archiving.properties
+++ b/etc/cass1/commitlog_archiving.properties
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# commitlog archiving configuration.  Leave blank to disable.
+
+# Command to execute to archive a commitlog segment
+# Parameters: %path => Fully qualified path of the segment to archive
+#             %name => Name of the commit log.
+# Example: archive_command=/bin/ln %path /backup/%name
+#
+# Limitation: *_command= expects one command with arguments. STDOUT
+# and STDIN or multiple commands cannot be executed.  You might want
+# to script multiple commands and add a pointer here.
+archive_command=
+
+# Command to execute to make an archived commitlog live again.
+# Parameters: %from is the full path to an archived commitlog segment (from restore_directories)
+#             %to is the live commitlog directory
+# Example: restore_command=/bin/cp -f %from %to
+restore_command=
+
+# Directory to scan the recovery files in.
+restore_directories=
+
+# Restore mutations created up to and including this timestamp in GMT.
+# Format: yyyy:MM:dd HH:mm:ss (2012:04:31 20:43:12)
+#
+# Recovery will continue through the segment when the first client-supplied
+# timestamp greater than this time is encountered, but only mutations less than
+# or equal to this timestamp will be applied.
+restore_point_in_time=
+
+# precision of the timestamp used in the inserts (MILLISECONDS, MICROSECONDS, ...)
+precision=MICROSECONDS
--- a/etc/cass1/jvm-clients.options
+++ b/etc/cass1/jvm-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm-clients.options                             #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm8-clients.options and jvm11-clients.options for Java version     #
+# specific options.                                                       #
+###########################################################################
+
+# intentionally left empty
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass1/jvm-server.options
+++ b/etc/cass1/jvm-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm-server.options                              #
+#                                                                         #
+# - all flags defined here will be used by cassandra to startup the JVM   #
+# - one flag should be specified per line                                 #
+# - lines that do not start with '-' will be ignored                      #
+# - only static flags are accepted (no variables or parameters)           #
+# - dynamic flags will be appended to these on cassandra-env              #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm8-server.options and jvm11-server.options for Java version       #
+# specific options.                                                       #
+###########################################################################
+
+######################
+# STARTUP PARAMETERS #
+######################
+
+# Uncomment any of the following properties to enable specific startup parameters
+
+# In a multi-instance deployment, multiple Cassandra instances will independently assume that all
+# CPU processors are available to it. This setting allows you to specify a smaller set of processors
+# and perhaps have affinity.
+#-Dcassandra.available_processors=number_of_processors
+
+# The directory location of the cassandra.yaml file.
+#-Dcassandra.config=directory
+
+# Sets the initial partitioner token for a node the first time the node is started.
+#-Dcassandra.initial_token=token
+
+# Set to false to start Cassandra on a node but not have the node join the cluster.
+#-Dcassandra.join_ring=true|false
+
+# Set to false to clear all gossip state for the node on restart. Use when you have changed node
+# information in cassandra.yaml (such as listen_address).
+#-Dcassandra.load_ring_state=true|false
+
+# Enable pluggable metrics reporter. See Pluggable metrics reporting in Cassandra 2.0.2.
+#-Dcassandra.metricsReporterConfigFile=file
+
+# Set the port on which the CQL native transport listens for clients. (Default: 9042)
+#-Dcassandra.native_transport_port=port
+
+# Overrides the partitioner. (Default: org.apache.cassandra.dht.Murmur3Partitioner)
+#-Dcassandra.partitioner=partitioner
+
+# To replace a node that has died, restart a new node in its place specifying the address of the
+# dead node. The new node must not have any data in its data directory, that is, it must be in the
+# same state as before bootstrapping.
+#-Dcassandra.replace_address=listen_address or broadcast_address of dead node
+
+# Allow restoring specific tables from an archived commit log.
+#-Dcassandra.replayList=table
+
+# Allows overriding of the default RING_DELAY (30000ms), which is the amount of time a node waits
+# before joining the ring.
+#-Dcassandra.ring_delay_ms=ms
+
+# Set the SSL port for encrypted communication. (Default: 7001)
+#-Dcassandra.ssl_storage_port=port
+
+# Set the port for inter-node communication. (Default: 7000)
+#-Dcassandra.storage_port=port
+
+# Set the default location for the trigger JARs. (Default: conf/triggers)
+#-Dcassandra.triggers_dir=directory
+
+# For testing new compaction and compression strategies. It allows you to experiment with different
+# strategies and benchmark write performance differences without affecting the production workload. 
+#-Dcassandra.write_survey=true
+
+# To disable configuration via JMX of auth caches (such as those for credentials, permissions and
+# roles). This will mean those config options can only be set (persistently) in cassandra.yaml
+# and will require a restart for new values to take effect.
+#-Dcassandra.disable_auth_caches_remote_configuration=true
+
+# To disable dynamic calculation of the page size used when indexing an entire partition (during
+# initial index build/rebuild). If set to true, the page size will be fixed to the default of
+# 10000 rows per page.
+#-Dcassandra.force_default_indexing_page_size=true
+
+# Imposes an upper bound on hint lifetime below the normal min gc_grace_seconds
+#-Dcassandra.maxHintTTL=max_hint_ttl_in_seconds
+
+########################
+# GENERAL JVM SETTINGS #
+########################
+
+# enable assertions. highly suggested for correct application functionality.
+-ea
+
+# disable assertions for net.openhft.** because it runs out of memory by design
+# if enabled and run for more than just brief testing
+-da:net.openhft...
+
+# enable thread priorities, primarily so we can give periodic tasks
+# a lower priority to avoid interfering with client workload
+-XX:+UseThreadPriorities
+
+# Enable heap-dump if there's an OOM
+-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
+
+# Per-thread stack size.
+-Xss256k
+
+# Make sure all memory is faulted and zeroed on startup.
+# This helps prevent soft faults in containers and makes
+# transparent hugepage allocation more effective.
+-XX:+AlwaysPreTouch
+
+# Disable biased locking as it does not benefit Cassandra.
+-XX:-UseBiasedLocking
+
+# Enable thread-local allocation blocks and allow the JVM to automatically
+# resize them at runtime.
+-XX:+UseTLAB
+-XX:+ResizeTLAB
+-XX:+UseNUMA
+
+# http://www.evanjones.ca/jvm-mmap-pause.html
+-XX:+PerfDisableSharedMem
+
+# Prefer binding to IPv4 network intefaces (when net.ipv6.bindv6only=1). See
+# http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6342561 (short version:
+# comment out this entry to enable IPv6 support).
+-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true
+
+### Debug options
+
+# uncomment to enable flight recorder
+#-XX:+UnlockCommercialFeatures
+#-XX:+FlightRecorder
+
+# uncomment to have Cassandra JVM listen for remote debuggers/profilers on port 1414
+#-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=1414
+
+# uncomment to have Cassandra JVM log internal method compilation (developers only)
+#-XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions
+#-XX:+LogCompilation
+
+#################
+# HEAP SETTINGS #
+#################
+
+# Heap size is automatically calculated by cassandra-env based on this
+# formula: max(min(1/2 ram, 1024MB), min(1/4 ram, 8GB))
+# That is:
+# - calculate 1/2 ram and cap to 1024MB
+# - calculate 1/4 ram and cap to 8192MB
+# - pick the max
+#
+# For production use you may wish to adjust this for your environment.
+# If that's the case, uncomment the -Xmx and Xms options below to override the
+# automatic calculation of JVM heap memory.
+#
+# It is recommended to set min (-Xms) and max (-Xmx) heap sizes to
+# the same value to avoid stop-the-world GC pauses during resize, and
+# so that we can lock the heap in memory on startup to prevent any
+# of it from being swapped out.
+#-Xms4G
+#-Xmx4G
+
+# Young generation size is automatically calculated by cassandra-env
+# based on this formula: min(100 * num_cores, 1/4 * heap size)
+#
+# The main trade-off for the young generation is that the larger it
+# is, the longer GC pause times will be. The shorter it is, the more
+# expensive GC will be (usually).
+#
+# It is not recommended to set the young generation size if using the
+# G1 GC, since that will override the target pause-time goal.
+# More info: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/java/g1gc-1984535.html
+#
+# The example below assumes a modern 8-core+ machine for decent
+# times. If in doubt, and if you do not particularly want to tweak, go
+# 100 MB per physical CPU core.
+#-Xmn800M
+
+###################################
+# EXPIRATION DATE OVERFLOW POLICY #
+###################################
+
+# Defines how to handle INSERT requests with TTL exceeding the maximum supported expiration date:
+# * REJECT: this is the default policy and will reject any requests with expiration date timestamp after 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00.
+# * CAP: any insert with TTL expiring after 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00 will expire on 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00 and the client will receive a warning.
+# * CAP_NOWARN: same as previous, except that the client warning will not be emitted.
+#
+#-Dcassandra.expiration_date_overflow_policy=REJECT
--- a/etc/cass1/jvm11-clients.options
+++ b/etc/cass1/jvm11-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm11-clients.options                           #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-clients.options. This file is specific for Java 11 and newer.   #
+###########################################################################
+
+###################
+#  JPMS SETTINGS  #
+###################
+
+-Djdk.attach.allowAttachSelf=true
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.misc=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/sun.nio.ch=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.management.rmi/com.sun.jmx.remote.internal.rmi=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.registry=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.server=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.sql/java.sql=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+--add-opens java.base/java.lang.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.loader=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.reflect=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.math=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.util.jar=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens jdk.management/com.sun.management.internal=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass1/jvm11-server.options
+++ b/etc/cass1/jvm11-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm11-server.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-server.options. This file is specific for Java 11 and newer.    #
+###########################################################################
+
+#################
+#  GC SETTINGS  #
+#################
+
+
+
+### CMS Settings
+-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
+-XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled
+-XX:SurvivorRatio=8
+-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=1
+-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75
+-XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly
+-XX:CMSWaitDuration=10000
+-XX:+CMSParallelInitialMarkEnabled
+-XX:+CMSEdenChunksRecordAlways
+## some JVMs will fill up their heap when accessed via JMX, see CASSANDRA-6541
+-XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled
+
+
+
+### G1 Settings
+## Use the Hotspot garbage-first collector.
+#-XX:+UseG1GC
+#-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled
+
+#
+## Have the JVM do less remembered set work during STW, instead
+## preferring concurrent GC. Reduces p99.9 latency.
+#-XX:G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent=5
+#
+## Main G1GC tunable: lowering the pause target will lower throughput and vise versa.
+## 200ms is the JVM default and lowest viable setting
+## 1000ms increases throughput. Keep it smaller than the timeouts in cassandra.yaml.
+#-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=500
+
+## Optional G1 Settings
+# Save CPU time on large (>= 16GB) heaps by delaying region scanning
+# until the heap is 70% full. The default in Hotspot 8u40 is 40%.
+#-XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=70
+
+# For systems with > 8 cores, the default ParallelGCThreads is 5/8 the number of logical cores.
+# Otherwise equal to the number of cores when 8 or less.
+# Machines with > 10 cores should try setting these to <= full cores.
+#-XX:ParallelGCThreads=16
+# By default, ConcGCThreads is 1/4 of ParallelGCThreads.
+# Setting both to the same value can reduce STW durations.
+#-XX:ConcGCThreads=16
+
+
+### JPMS
+
+-Djdk.attach.allowAttachSelf=true
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.misc=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/sun.nio.ch=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.management.rmi/com.sun.jmx.remote.internal.rmi=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.registry=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.server=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.sql/java.sql=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+--add-opens java.base/java.lang.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.loader=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.reflect=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.math=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.util.jar=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens jdk.management/com.sun.management.internal=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+
+### GC logging options -- uncomment to enable
+
+# Java 11 (and newer) GC logging options:
+# See description of https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8046148 for details about the syntax
+# The following is the equivalent to -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10 -XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+#-Xlog:gc=info,heap*=trace,age*=debug,safepoint=info,promotion*=trace:file=/var/log/cassandra/gc.log:time,uptime,pid,tid,level:filecount=10,filesize=10485760
+
+# Notes for Java 8 migration:
+#
+# -XX:+PrintGCDetails                   maps to -Xlog:gc*:... - i.e. add a '*' after "gc"
+# -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps                maps to decorator 'time'
+#
+# -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC                    maps to 'heap' with level 'trace'
+# -XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution        maps to 'age' with level 'debug'
+# -XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime    maps to 'safepoint' with level 'info'
+# -XX:+PrintPromotionFailure            maps to 'promotion' with level 'trace'
+# -XX:PrintFLSStatistics=1              maps to 'freelist' with level 'trace'
+
+### Netty Options
+
+# On Java >= 9 Netty requires the io.netty.tryReflectionSetAccessible system property to be set to true to enable
+# creation of direct buffers using Unsafe. Without it, this falls back to ByteBuffer.allocateDirect which has
+# inferior performance and risks exceeding MaxDirectMemory
+-Dio.netty.tryReflectionSetAccessible=true
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass1/jvm8-clients.options
+++ b/etc/cass1/jvm8-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm8-clients.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-clients.options. This file is specific for Java 8 and newer.    #
+###########################################################################
+
+# intentionally left empty
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass1/jvm8-server.options
+++ b/etc/cass1/jvm8-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                          jvm8-server.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-server.options. This file is specific for Java 8 and newer.     #
+###########################################################################
+
+########################
+# GENERAL JVM SETTINGS #
+########################
+
+# allows lowering thread priority without being root on linux - probably
+# not necessary on Windows but doesn't harm anything.
+# see http://tech.stolsvik.com/2010/01/linux-java-thread-priorities-workaround.html
+-XX:ThreadPriorityPolicy=42
+
+#################
+#  GC SETTINGS  #
+#################
+
+### CMS Settings
+-XX:+UseParNewGC
+-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
+-XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled
+-XX:SurvivorRatio=8
+-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=1
+-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75
+-XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly
+-XX:CMSWaitDuration=10000
+-XX:+CMSParallelInitialMarkEnabled
+-XX:+CMSEdenChunksRecordAlways
+## some JVMs will fill up their heap when accessed via JMX, see CASSANDRA-6541
+-XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled
+
+### G1 Settings
+## Use the Hotspot garbage-first collector.
+#-XX:+UseG1GC
+#-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled
+
+#
+## Have the JVM do less remembered set work during STW, instead
+## preferring concurrent GC. Reduces p99.9 latency.
+#-XX:G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent=5
+#
+## Main G1GC tunable: lowering the pause target will lower throughput and vise versa.
+## 200ms is the JVM default and lowest viable setting
+## 1000ms increases throughput. Keep it smaller than the timeouts in cassandra.yaml.
+#-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=500
+
+## Optional G1 Settings
+# Save CPU time on large (>= 16GB) heaps by delaying region scanning
+# until the heap is 70% full. The default in Hotspot 8u40 is 40%.
+#-XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=70
+
+# For systems with > 8 cores, the default ParallelGCThreads is 5/8 the number of logical cores.
+# Otherwise equal to the number of cores when 8 or less.
+# Machines with > 10 cores should try setting these to <= full cores.
+#-XX:ParallelGCThreads=16
+# By default, ConcGCThreads is 1/4 of ParallelGCThreads.
+# Setting both to the same value can reduce STW durations.
+#-XX:ConcGCThreads=16
+
+### GC logging options -- uncomment to enable
+
+-XX:+PrintGCDetails
+-XX:+PrintGCDateStamps
+-XX:+PrintHeapAtGC
+-XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution
+-XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime
+-XX:+PrintPromotionFailure
+#-XX:PrintFLSStatistics=1
+#-Xloggc:/var/log/cassandra/gc.log
+-XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation
+-XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10
+-XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass1/logback.xml
+++ b/etc/cass1/logback.xml
@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+-->
+
+<!--
+In order to disable debug.log, comment-out the ASYNCDEBUGLOG
+appender reference in the root level section below.
+-->
+
+<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="60 seconds">
+  <jmxConfigurator />
+
+  <!-- No shutdown hook; we run it ourselves in StorageService after shutdown -->
+
+  <!-- SYSTEMLOG rolling file appender to system.log (INFO level) -->
+
+  <appender name="SYSTEMLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
+      <level>INFO</level>
+    </filter>
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/system.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/system.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern>
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 7 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- DEBUGLOG rolling file appender to debug.log (all levels) -->
+
+  <appender name="DEBUGLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/debug.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/debug.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern>
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 7 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- ASYNCLOG assynchronous appender to debug.log (all levels) -->
+
+  <appender name="ASYNCDEBUGLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
+    <queueSize>1024</queueSize>
+    <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
+    <includeCallerData>true</includeCallerData>
+    <appender-ref ref="DEBUGLOG" />
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- STDOUT console appender to stdout (INFO level) -->
+
+  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
+    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
+      <level>INFO</level>
+    </filter>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- Uncomment below configuration (Audit Logging (FileAuditLogger) rolling file appender and Audit Logging
+  additivity) in order to have the log events flow through separate log file instead of system.log.
+  Audit Logging (FileAuditLogger) rolling file appender to audit.log -->
+  <!-- <appender name="AUDIT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/audit/audit.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy"> -->
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <!-- <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/audit/audit.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern> -->
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 30 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <!-- <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender> -->
+
+  <!-- Audit Logging additivity to redirect audit logging events to audit/audit.log -->
+  <!-- <logger name="org.apache.cassandra.audit" additivity="false" level="INFO">
+    <appender-ref ref="AUDIT"/>
+  </logger> -->
+
+  <!-- Uncomment bellow and corresponding appender-ref to activate logback metrics
+  <appender name="LogbackMetrics" class="com.codahale.metrics.logback.InstrumentedAppender" />
+   -->
+
+  <root level="INFO">
+    <appender-ref ref="SYSTEMLOG" />
+    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
+    <appender-ref ref="ASYNCDEBUGLOG" /> <!-- Comment this line to disable debug.log -->
+    <!--
+    <appender-ref ref="LogbackMetrics" />
+    -->
+  </root>
+
+  <logger name="org.apache.cassandra" level="DEBUG"/>
+</configuration>
--- a/etc/cass2/.gitignore
+++ b/etc/cass2/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# ignore everything
+#*
+
+# except
+# .gitignore
+# !cassandra.yaml
+# !jvm*
+# !logback.xml
+# !commitlog_archiving.properties
+# !cassandra-rackdc.properties
+# !cassandra-env.sh
--- a/etc/cass2/cassandra-env.sh
+++ b/etc/cass2/cassandra-env.sh
@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+calculate_heap_sizes()
+{
+    case "`uname`" in
+        Linux)
+            system_memory_in_mb=`free -m | awk '/:/ {print $2;exit}'`
+            system_cpu_cores=`egrep -c 'processor([[:space:]]+):.*' /proc/cpuinfo`
+        ;;
+        FreeBSD)
+            system_memory_in_bytes=`sysctl hw.physmem | awk '{print $2}'`
+            system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_bytes / 1024 / 1024`
+            system_cpu_cores=`sysctl hw.ncpu | awk '{print $2}'`
+        ;;
+        SunOS)
+            system_memory_in_mb=`prtconf | awk '/Memory size:/ {print $3}'`
+            system_cpu_cores=`psrinfo | wc -l`
+        ;;
+        Darwin)
+            system_memory_in_bytes=`sysctl hw.memsize | awk '{print $2}'`
+            system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_bytes / 1024 / 1024`
+            system_cpu_cores=`sysctl hw.ncpu | awk '{print $2}'`
+        ;;
+        *)
+            # assume reasonable defaults for e.g. a modern desktop or
+            # cheap server
+            system_memory_in_mb="2048"
+            system_cpu_cores="2"
+        ;;
+    esac
+
+    # some systems like the raspberry pi don't report cores, use at least 1
+    if [ "$system_cpu_cores" -lt "1" ]
+    then
+        system_cpu_cores="1"
+    fi
+
+    # set max heap size based on the following
+    # max(min(1/2 ram, 1024MB), min(1/4 ram, 8GB))
+    # calculate 1/2 ram and cap to 1024MB
+    # calculate 1/4 ram and cap to 8192MB
+    # pick the max
+    half_system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_mb / 2`
+    quarter_system_memory_in_mb=`expr $half_system_memory_in_mb / 2`
+    if [ "$half_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "1024" ]
+    then
+        half_system_memory_in_mb="1024"
+    fi
+    if [ "$quarter_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "8192" ]
+    then
+        quarter_system_memory_in_mb="8192"
+    fi
+    if [ "$half_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "$quarter_system_memory_in_mb" ]
+    then
+        max_heap_size_in_mb="$half_system_memory_in_mb"
+    else
+        max_heap_size_in_mb="$quarter_system_memory_in_mb"
+    fi
+    MAX_HEAP_SIZE="${max_heap_size_in_mb}M"
+
+    # Young gen: min(max_sensible_per_modern_cpu_core * num_cores, 1/4 * heap size)
+    max_sensible_yg_per_core_in_mb="100"
+    max_sensible_yg_in_mb=`expr $max_sensible_yg_per_core_in_mb "*" $system_cpu_cores`
+
+    desired_yg_in_mb=`expr $max_heap_size_in_mb / 4`
+
+    if [ "$desired_yg_in_mb" -gt "$max_sensible_yg_in_mb" ]
+    then
+        HEAP_NEWSIZE="${max_sensible_yg_in_mb}M"
+    else
+        HEAP_NEWSIZE="${desired_yg_in_mb}M"
+    fi
+}
+
+# Sets the path where logback and GC logs are written.
+if [ "x$CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR" = "x" ] ; then
+    CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR="$CASSANDRA_HOME/logs"
+fi
+
+#GC log path has to be defined here because it needs to access CASSANDRA_HOME
+if [ $JAVA_VERSION -ge 11 ] ; then
+    # See description of https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8046148 for details about the syntax
+    # The following is the equivalent to -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10 -XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+    echo "$JVM_OPTS" | grep -qe "-[X]log:gc"
+    if [ "$?" = "1" ] ; then # [X] to prevent ccm from replacing this line
+        # only add -Xlog:gc if it's not mentioned in jvm-server.options file
+        mkdir -p ${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xlog:gc=info,heap*=trace,age*=debug,safepoint=info,promotion*=trace:file=${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}/gc.log:time,uptime,pid,tid,level:filecount=10,filesize=10485760"
+    fi
+else
+    # Java 8
+    echo "$JVM_OPTS" | grep -qe "-[X]loggc"
+    if [ "$?" = "1" ] ; then # [X] to prevent ccm from replacing this line
+        # only add -Xlog:gc if it's not mentioned in jvm-server.options file
+        mkdir -p ${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xloggc:${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}/gc.log"
+    fi
+fi
+
+# Check what parameters were defined on jvm-server.options file to avoid conflicts
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xmn
+DEFINED_XMN=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xmx
+DEFINED_XMX=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xms
+DEFINED_XMS=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q UseConcMarkSweepGC
+USING_CMS=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q +UseG1GC
+USING_G1=$?
+
+# Override these to set the amount of memory to allocate to the JVM at
+# start-up. For production use you may wish to adjust this for your
+# environment. MAX_HEAP_SIZE is the total amount of memory dedicated
+# to the Java heap. HEAP_NEWSIZE refers to the size of the young
+# generation. Both MAX_HEAP_SIZE and HEAP_NEWSIZE should be either set
+# or not (if you set one, set the other).
+#
+# The main trade-off for the young generation is that the larger it
+# is, the longer GC pause times will be. The shorter it is, the more
+# expensive GC will be (usually).
+#
+# The example HEAP_NEWSIZE assumes a modern 8-core+ machine for decent pause
+# times. If in doubt, and if you do not particularly want to tweak, go with
+# 100 MB per physical CPU core.
+
+#MAX_HEAP_SIZE="4G"
+#HEAP_NEWSIZE="800M"
+
+# Set this to control the amount of arenas per-thread in glibc
+#export MALLOC_ARENA_MAX=4
+
+# only calculate the size if it's not set manually
+if [ "x$MAX_HEAP_SIZE" = "x" ] && [ "x$HEAP_NEWSIZE" = "x" -o $USING_G1 -eq 0 ]; then
+    calculate_heap_sizes
+elif [ "x$MAX_HEAP_SIZE" = "x" ] ||  [ "x$HEAP_NEWSIZE" = "x" -a $USING_G1 -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "please set or unset MAX_HEAP_SIZE and HEAP_NEWSIZE in pairs when using CMS GC (see cassandra-env.sh)"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ "x$MALLOC_ARENA_MAX" = "x" ] ; then
+    export MALLOC_ARENA_MAX=4
+fi
+
+# We only set -Xms and -Xmx if they were not defined on jvm-server.options file
+# If defined, both Xmx and Xms should be defined together.
+if [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ] && [ $DEFINED_XMS -ne 0 ]; then
+     JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xms${MAX_HEAP_SIZE}"
+     JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xmx${MAX_HEAP_SIZE}"
+elif [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ] || [ $DEFINED_XMS -ne 0 ]; then
+     echo "Please set or unset -Xmx and -Xms flags in pairs on jvm-server.options file."
+     exit 1
+fi
+
+# We only set -Xmn flag if it was not defined in jvm-server.options file
+# and if the CMS GC is being used
+# If defined, both Xmn and Xmx should be defined together.
+if [ $DEFINED_XMN -eq 0 ] && [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "Please set or unset -Xmx and -Xmn flags in pairs on jvm-server.options file."
+    exit 1
+elif [ $DEFINED_XMN -ne 0 ] && [ $USING_CMS -eq 0 ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xmn${HEAP_NEWSIZE}"
+fi
+
+# We fail to start if -Xmn is used with G1 GC is being used
+# See comments for -Xmn in jvm-server.options
+if [ $DEFINED_XMN -eq 0 ] && [ $USING_G1 -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo "It is not recommended to set -Xmn with the G1 garbage collector. See comments for -Xmn in jvm-server.options for details."
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ "$JVM_ARCH" = "64-Bit" ] && [ $USING_CMS -eq 0 ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+UseCondCardMark"
+fi
+
+# provides hints to the JIT compiler
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:CompileCommandFile=$CASSANDRA_CONF/hotspot_compiler"
+
+# add the jamm javaagent
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -javaagent:$CASSANDRA_HOME/lib/jamm-0.3.2.jar"
+
+# set jvm HeapDumpPath with CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR
+if [ "x$CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR" != "x" ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:HeapDumpPath=$CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR/cassandra-`date +%s`-pid$$.hprof"
+fi
+
+# stop the jvm on OutOfMemoryError as it can result in some data corruption
+# uncomment the preferred option
+# ExitOnOutOfMemoryError and CrashOnOutOfMemoryError require a JRE greater or equals to 1.7 update 101 or 1.8 update 92
+# For OnOutOfMemoryError we cannot use the JVM_OPTS variables because bash commands split words
+# on white spaces without taking quotes into account
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+ExitOnOutOfMemoryError"
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+CrashOnOutOfMemoryError"
+JVM_ON_OUT_OF_MEMORY_ERROR_OPT="-XX:OnOutOfMemoryError=kill -9 %p"
+
+# print an heap histogram on OutOfMemoryError
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.printHeapHistogramOnOutOfMemoryError=true"
+
+# jmx: metrics and administration interface
+#
+# add this if you're having trouble connecting:
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=<public name>"
+#
+# see
+# https://blogs.oracle.com/jmxetc/entry/troubleshooting_connection_problems_in_jconsole
+# for more on configuring JMX through firewalls, etc. (Short version:
+# get it working with no firewall first.)
+#
+# Cassandra ships with JMX accessible *only* from localhost.  
+# To enable remote JMX connections, uncomment lines below
+# with authentication and/or ssl enabled. See https://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/JmxSecurity 
+#
+if [ "x$LOCAL_JMX" = "x" ]; then
+    LOCAL_JMX=yes
+fi
+
+# Specifies the default port over which Cassandra will be available for
+# JMX connections.
+# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet.  Firewall it if needed.
+JMX_PORT="7199"
+
+if [ "$LOCAL_JMX" = "yes" ]; then
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.local.port=$JMX_PORT"
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false"
+else
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.remote.port=$JMX_PORT"
+  # if ssl is enabled the same port cannot be used for both jmx and rmi so either
+  # pick another value for this property or comment out to use a random port (though see CASSANDRA-7087 for origins)
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.rmi.port=$JMX_PORT"
+
+  # turn on JMX authentication. See below for further options
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true"
+
+  # jmx ssl options
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=true"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.need.client.auth=true"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.enabled.protocols=<enabled-protocols>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.enabled.cipher.suites=<enabled-cipher-suites>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=/path/to/keystore"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=<keystore-password>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/path/to/truststore"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=<truststore-password>"
+fi
+
+# jmx authentication and authorization options. By default, auth is only
+# activated for remote connections but they can also be enabled for local only JMX
+## Basic file based authn & authz
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=/etc/cassandra/jmxremote.password"
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=/etc/cassandra/jmxremote.access"
+## Custom auth settings which can be used as alternatives to JMX's out of the box auth utilities.
+## JAAS login modules can be used for authentication by uncommenting these two properties.
+## Cassandra ships with a LoginModule implementation - org.apache.cassandra.auth.CassandraLoginModule -
+## which delegates to the IAuthenticator configured in cassandra.yaml. See the sample JAAS configuration
+## file cassandra-jaas.config
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.remote.login.config=CassandraLogin"
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.security.auth.login.config=$CASSANDRA_CONF/cassandra-jaas.config"
+
+## Cassandra also ships with a helper for delegating JMX authz calls to the configured IAuthorizer,
+## uncomment this to use it. Requires one of the two authentication options to be enabled
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.authorizer=org.apache.cassandra.auth.jmx.AuthorizationProxy"
+
+# To use mx4j, an HTML interface for JMX, add mx4j-tools.jar to the lib/
+# directory.
+# See http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/operating/metrics.html#jmx
+# By default mx4j listens on the broadcast_address, port 8081. Uncomment the following lines
+# to control its listen address and port.
+#MX4J_ADDRESS="127.0.0.1"
+#MX4J_PORT="8081"
+
+# Cassandra uses SIGAR to capture OS metrics CASSANDRA-7838
+# for SIGAR we have to set the java.library.path
+# to the location of the native libraries.
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.library.path=$CASSANDRA_HOME/lib/sigar-bin"
+
+if [ "x$MX4J_ADDRESS" != "x" ]; then
+    if [[ "$MX4J_ADDRESS" == \-Dmx4jaddress* ]]; then
+        # Backward compatible with the older style #13578
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $MX4J_ADDRESS"
+    else
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dmx4jaddress=$MX4J_ADDRESS"
+    fi
+fi
+if [ "x$MX4J_PORT" != "x" ]; then
+    if [[ "$MX4J_PORT" == \-Dmx4jport* ]]; then
+        # Backward compatible with the older style #13578
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $MX4J_PORT"
+    else
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dmx4jport=$MX4J_PORT"
+    fi
+fi
+
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $JVM_EXTRA_OPTS"
+
--- a/etc/cass2/cassandra-rackdc.properties
+++ b/etc/cass2/cassandra-rackdc.properties
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# These properties are used with GossipingPropertyFileSnitch and will
+# indicate the rack and dc for this node
+dc= Mars
+rack= West
+
+# Add a suffix to a datacenter name. Used by the Ec2Snitch and Ec2MultiRegionSnitch
+# to append a string to the EC2 region name.
+#dc_suffix=
+
+# Uncomment the following line to make this snitch prefer the internal ip when possible, as the Ec2MultiRegionSnitch does.
+# prefer_local=true
+
+# Datacenter and rack naming convention used by the Ec2Snitch and Ec2MultiRegionSnitch.
+# Options are:
+#   legacy : datacenter name is the part of the availability zone name preceding the last "-"
+#       when the zone ends in -1 and includes the number if not -1. Rack is the portion of
+#       the availability zone name following  the last "-".
+#       Examples: us-west-1a => dc: us-west, rack: 1a; us-west-2b => dc: us-west-2, rack: 2b; 
+#       YOU MUST USE THIS VALUE IF YOU ARE UPGRADING A PRE-4.0 CLUSTER
+#   standard : Default value. datacenter name is the standard AWS region name, including the number.
+#       rack name is the region plus the availability zone letter.
+#       Examples: us-west-1a => dc: us-west-1, rack: us-west-1a; us-west-2b => dc: us-west-2, rack: us-west-2b;
+# ec2_naming_scheme=standard
--- a/etc/cass2/cassandra.yaml
+++ b/etc/cass2/cassandra.yaml
--- a/etc/cass2/commitlog_archiving.properties
+++ b/etc/cass2/commitlog_archiving.properties
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# commitlog archiving configuration.  Leave blank to disable.
+
+# Command to execute to archive a commitlog segment
+# Parameters: %path => Fully qualified path of the segment to archive
+#             %name => Name of the commit log.
+# Example: archive_command=/bin/ln %path /backup/%name
+#
+# Limitation: *_command= expects one command with arguments. STDOUT
+# and STDIN or multiple commands cannot be executed.  You might want
+# to script multiple commands and add a pointer here.
+archive_command=
+
+# Command to execute to make an archived commitlog live again.
+# Parameters: %from is the full path to an archived commitlog segment (from restore_directories)
+#             %to is the live commitlog directory
+# Example: restore_command=/bin/cp -f %from %to
+restore_command=
+
+# Directory to scan the recovery files in.
+restore_directories=
+
+# Restore mutations created up to and including this timestamp in GMT.
+# Format: yyyy:MM:dd HH:mm:ss (2012:04:31 20:43:12)
+#
+# Recovery will continue through the segment when the first client-supplied
+# timestamp greater than this time is encountered, but only mutations less than
+# or equal to this timestamp will be applied.
+restore_point_in_time=
+
+# precision of the timestamp used in the inserts (MILLISECONDS, MICROSECONDS, ...)
+precision=MICROSECONDS
--- a/etc/cass2/jvm-clients.options
+++ b/etc/cass2/jvm-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm-clients.options                             #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm8-clients.options and jvm11-clients.options for Java version     #
+# specific options.                                                       #
+###########################################################################
+
+# intentionally left empty
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass2/jvm-server.options
+++ b/etc/cass2/jvm-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm-server.options                              #
+#                                                                         #
+# - all flags defined here will be used by cassandra to startup the JVM   #
+# - one flag should be specified per line                                 #
+# - lines that do not start with '-' will be ignored                      #
+# - only static flags are accepted (no variables or parameters)           #
+# - dynamic flags will be appended to these on cassandra-env              #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm8-server.options and jvm11-server.options for Java version       #
+# specific options.                                                       #
+###########################################################################
+
+######################
+# STARTUP PARAMETERS #
+######################
+
+# Uncomment any of the following properties to enable specific startup parameters
+
+# In a multi-instance deployment, multiple Cassandra instances will independently assume that all
+# CPU processors are available to it. This setting allows you to specify a smaller set of processors
+# and perhaps have affinity.
+#-Dcassandra.available_processors=number_of_processors
+
+# The directory location of the cassandra.yaml file.
+#-Dcassandra.config=directory
+
+# Sets the initial partitioner token for a node the first time the node is started.
+#-Dcassandra.initial_token=token
+
+# Set to false to start Cassandra on a node but not have the node join the cluster.
+#-Dcassandra.join_ring=true|false
+
+# Set to false to clear all gossip state for the node on restart. Use when you have changed node
+# information in cassandra.yaml (such as listen_address).
+#-Dcassandra.load_ring_state=true|false
+
+# Enable pluggable metrics reporter. See Pluggable metrics reporting in Cassandra 2.0.2.
+#-Dcassandra.metricsReporterConfigFile=file
+
+# Set the port on which the CQL native transport listens for clients. (Default: 9042)
+#-Dcassandra.native_transport_port=port
+
+# Overrides the partitioner. (Default: org.apache.cassandra.dht.Murmur3Partitioner)
+#-Dcassandra.partitioner=partitioner
+
+# To replace a node that has died, restart a new node in its place specifying the address of the
+# dead node. The new node must not have any data in its data directory, that is, it must be in the
+# same state as before bootstrapping.
+#-Dcassandra.replace_address=listen_address or broadcast_address of dead node
+
+# Allow restoring specific tables from an archived commit log.
+#-Dcassandra.replayList=table
+
+# Allows overriding of the default RING_DELAY (30000ms), which is the amount of time a node waits
+# before joining the ring.
+#-Dcassandra.ring_delay_ms=ms
+
+# Set the SSL port for encrypted communication. (Default: 7001)
+#-Dcassandra.ssl_storage_port=port
+
+# Set the port for inter-node communication. (Default: 7000)
+#-Dcassandra.storage_port=port
+
+# Set the default location for the trigger JARs. (Default: conf/triggers)
+#-Dcassandra.triggers_dir=directory
+
+# For testing new compaction and compression strategies. It allows you to experiment with different
+# strategies and benchmark write performance differences without affecting the production workload. 
+#-Dcassandra.write_survey=true
+
+# To disable configuration via JMX of auth caches (such as those for credentials, permissions and
+# roles). This will mean those config options can only be set (persistently) in cassandra.yaml
+# and will require a restart for new values to take effect.
+#-Dcassandra.disable_auth_caches_remote_configuration=true
+
+# To disable dynamic calculation of the page size used when indexing an entire partition (during
+# initial index build/rebuild). If set to true, the page size will be fixed to the default of
+# 10000 rows per page.
+#-Dcassandra.force_default_indexing_page_size=true
+
+# Imposes an upper bound on hint lifetime below the normal min gc_grace_seconds
+#-Dcassandra.maxHintTTL=max_hint_ttl_in_seconds
+
+########################
+# GENERAL JVM SETTINGS #
+########################
+
+# enable assertions. highly suggested for correct application functionality.
+-ea
+
+# disable assertions for net.openhft.** because it runs out of memory by design
+# if enabled and run for more than just brief testing
+-da:net.openhft...
+
+# enable thread priorities, primarily so we can give periodic tasks
+# a lower priority to avoid interfering with client workload
+-XX:+UseThreadPriorities
+
+# Enable heap-dump if there's an OOM
+-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
+
+# Per-thread stack size.
+-Xss256k
+
+# Make sure all memory is faulted and zeroed on startup.
+# This helps prevent soft faults in containers and makes
+# transparent hugepage allocation more effective.
+-XX:+AlwaysPreTouch
+
+# Disable biased locking as it does not benefit Cassandra.
+-XX:-UseBiasedLocking
+
+# Enable thread-local allocation blocks and allow the JVM to automatically
+# resize them at runtime.
+-XX:+UseTLAB
+-XX:+ResizeTLAB
+-XX:+UseNUMA
+
+# http://www.evanjones.ca/jvm-mmap-pause.html
+-XX:+PerfDisableSharedMem
+
+# Prefer binding to IPv4 network intefaces (when net.ipv6.bindv6only=1). See
+# http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6342561 (short version:
+# comment out this entry to enable IPv6 support).
+-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true
+
+### Debug options
+
+# uncomment to enable flight recorder
+#-XX:+UnlockCommercialFeatures
+#-XX:+FlightRecorder
+
+# uncomment to have Cassandra JVM listen for remote debuggers/profilers on port 1414
+#-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=1414
+
+# uncomment to have Cassandra JVM log internal method compilation (developers only)
+#-XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions
+#-XX:+LogCompilation
+
+#################
+# HEAP SETTINGS #
+#################
+
+# Heap size is automatically calculated by cassandra-env based on this
+# formula: max(min(1/2 ram, 1024MB), min(1/4 ram, 8GB))
+# That is:
+# - calculate 1/2 ram and cap to 1024MB
+# - calculate 1/4 ram and cap to 8192MB
+# - pick the max
+#
+# For production use you may wish to adjust this for your environment.
+# If that's the case, uncomment the -Xmx and Xms options below to override the
+# automatic calculation of JVM heap memory.
+#
+# It is recommended to set min (-Xms) and max (-Xmx) heap sizes to
+# the same value to avoid stop-the-world GC pauses during resize, and
+# so that we can lock the heap in memory on startup to prevent any
+# of it from being swapped out.
+#-Xms4G
+#-Xmx4G
+
+# Young generation size is automatically calculated by cassandra-env
+# based on this formula: min(100 * num_cores, 1/4 * heap size)
+#
+# The main trade-off for the young generation is that the larger it
+# is, the longer GC pause times will be. The shorter it is, the more
+# expensive GC will be (usually).
+#
+# It is not recommended to set the young generation size if using the
+# G1 GC, since that will override the target pause-time goal.
+# More info: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/java/g1gc-1984535.html
+#
+# The example below assumes a modern 8-core+ machine for decent
+# times. If in doubt, and if you do not particularly want to tweak, go
+# 100 MB per physical CPU core.
+#-Xmn800M
+
+###################################
+# EXPIRATION DATE OVERFLOW POLICY #
+###################################
+
+# Defines how to handle INSERT requests with TTL exceeding the maximum supported expiration date:
+# * REJECT: this is the default policy and will reject any requests with expiration date timestamp after 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00.
+# * CAP: any insert with TTL expiring after 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00 will expire on 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00 and the client will receive a warning.
+# * CAP_NOWARN: same as previous, except that the client warning will not be emitted.
+#
+#-Dcassandra.expiration_date_overflow_policy=REJECT
--- a/etc/cass2/jvm11-clients.options
+++ b/etc/cass2/jvm11-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm11-clients.options                           #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-clients.options. This file is specific for Java 11 and newer.   #
+###########################################################################
+
+###################
+#  JPMS SETTINGS  #
+###################
+
+-Djdk.attach.allowAttachSelf=true
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.misc=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/sun.nio.ch=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.management.rmi/com.sun.jmx.remote.internal.rmi=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.registry=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.server=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.sql/java.sql=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+--add-opens java.base/java.lang.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.loader=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.reflect=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.math=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.util.jar=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens jdk.management/com.sun.management.internal=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass2/jvm11-server.options
+++ b/etc/cass2/jvm11-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm11-server.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-server.options. This file is specific for Java 11 and newer.    #
+###########################################################################
+
+#################
+#  GC SETTINGS  #
+#################
+
+
+
+### CMS Settings
+-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
+-XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled
+-XX:SurvivorRatio=8
+-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=1
+-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75
+-XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly
+-XX:CMSWaitDuration=10000
+-XX:+CMSParallelInitialMarkEnabled
+-XX:+CMSEdenChunksRecordAlways
+## some JVMs will fill up their heap when accessed via JMX, see CASSANDRA-6541
+-XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled
+
+
+
+### G1 Settings
+## Use the Hotspot garbage-first collector.
+#-XX:+UseG1GC
+#-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled
+
+#
+## Have the JVM do less remembered set work during STW, instead
+## preferring concurrent GC. Reduces p99.9 latency.
+#-XX:G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent=5
+#
+## Main G1GC tunable: lowering the pause target will lower throughput and vise versa.
+## 200ms is the JVM default and lowest viable setting
+## 1000ms increases throughput. Keep it smaller than the timeouts in cassandra.yaml.
+#-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=500
+
+## Optional G1 Settings
+# Save CPU time on large (>= 16GB) heaps by delaying region scanning
+# until the heap is 70% full. The default in Hotspot 8u40 is 40%.
+#-XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=70
+
+# For systems with > 8 cores, the default ParallelGCThreads is 5/8 the number of logical cores.
+# Otherwise equal to the number of cores when 8 or less.
+# Machines with > 10 cores should try setting these to <= full cores.
+#-XX:ParallelGCThreads=16
+# By default, ConcGCThreads is 1/4 of ParallelGCThreads.
+# Setting both to the same value can reduce STW durations.
+#-XX:ConcGCThreads=16
+
+
+### JPMS
+
+-Djdk.attach.allowAttachSelf=true
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.misc=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/sun.nio.ch=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.management.rmi/com.sun.jmx.remote.internal.rmi=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.registry=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.server=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.sql/java.sql=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+--add-opens java.base/java.lang.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.loader=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.reflect=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.math=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.util.jar=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens jdk.management/com.sun.management.internal=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+
+### GC logging options -- uncomment to enable
+
+# Java 11 (and newer) GC logging options:
+# See description of https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8046148 for details about the syntax
+# The following is the equivalent to -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10 -XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+#-Xlog:gc=info,heap*=trace,age*=debug,safepoint=info,promotion*=trace:file=/var/log/cassandra/gc.log:time,uptime,pid,tid,level:filecount=10,filesize=10485760
+
+# Notes for Java 8 migration:
+#
+# -XX:+PrintGCDetails                   maps to -Xlog:gc*:... - i.e. add a '*' after "gc"
+# -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps                maps to decorator 'time'
+#
+# -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC                    maps to 'heap' with level 'trace'
+# -XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution        maps to 'age' with level 'debug'
+# -XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime    maps to 'safepoint' with level 'info'
+# -XX:+PrintPromotionFailure            maps to 'promotion' with level 'trace'
+# -XX:PrintFLSStatistics=1              maps to 'freelist' with level 'trace'
+
+### Netty Options
+
+# On Java >= 9 Netty requires the io.netty.tryReflectionSetAccessible system property to be set to true to enable
+# creation of direct buffers using Unsafe. Without it, this falls back to ByteBuffer.allocateDirect which has
+# inferior performance and risks exceeding MaxDirectMemory
+-Dio.netty.tryReflectionSetAccessible=true
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass2/jvm8-clients.options
+++ b/etc/cass2/jvm8-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm8-clients.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-clients.options. This file is specific for Java 8 and newer.    #
+###########################################################################
+
+# intentionally left empty
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass2/jvm8-server.options
+++ b/etc/cass2/jvm8-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                          jvm8-server.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-server.options. This file is specific for Java 8 and newer.     #
+###########################################################################
+
+########################
+# GENERAL JVM SETTINGS #
+########################
+
+# allows lowering thread priority without being root on linux - probably
+# not necessary on Windows but doesn't harm anything.
+# see http://tech.stolsvik.com/2010/01/linux-java-thread-priorities-workaround.html
+-XX:ThreadPriorityPolicy=42
+
+#################
+#  GC SETTINGS  #
+#################
+
+### CMS Settings
+-XX:+UseParNewGC
+-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
+-XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled
+-XX:SurvivorRatio=8
+-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=1
+-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75
+-XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly
+-XX:CMSWaitDuration=10000
+-XX:+CMSParallelInitialMarkEnabled
+-XX:+CMSEdenChunksRecordAlways
+## some JVMs will fill up their heap when accessed via JMX, see CASSANDRA-6541
+-XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled
+
+### G1 Settings
+## Use the Hotspot garbage-first collector.
+#-XX:+UseG1GC
+#-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled
+
+#
+## Have the JVM do less remembered set work during STW, instead
+## preferring concurrent GC. Reduces p99.9 latency.
+#-XX:G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent=5
+#
+## Main G1GC tunable: lowering the pause target will lower throughput and vise versa.
+## 200ms is the JVM default and lowest viable setting
+## 1000ms increases throughput. Keep it smaller than the timeouts in cassandra.yaml.
+#-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=500
+
+## Optional G1 Settings
+# Save CPU time on large (>= 16GB) heaps by delaying region scanning
+# until the heap is 70% full. The default in Hotspot 8u40 is 40%.
+#-XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=70
+
+# For systems with > 8 cores, the default ParallelGCThreads is 5/8 the number of logical cores.
+# Otherwise equal to the number of cores when 8 or less.
+# Machines with > 10 cores should try setting these to <= full cores.
+#-XX:ParallelGCThreads=16
+# By default, ConcGCThreads is 1/4 of ParallelGCThreads.
+# Setting both to the same value can reduce STW durations.
+#-XX:ConcGCThreads=16
+
+### GC logging options -- uncomment to enable
+
+-XX:+PrintGCDetails
+-XX:+PrintGCDateStamps
+-XX:+PrintHeapAtGC
+-XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution
+-XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime
+-XX:+PrintPromotionFailure
+#-XX:PrintFLSStatistics=1
+#-Xloggc:/var/log/cassandra/gc.log
+-XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation
+-XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10
+-XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass2/logback.xml
+++ b/etc/cass2/logback.xml
@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+-->
+
+<!--
+In order to disable debug.log, comment-out the ASYNCDEBUGLOG
+appender reference in the root level section below.
+-->
+
+<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="60 seconds">
+  <jmxConfigurator />
+
+  <!-- No shutdown hook; we run it ourselves in StorageService after shutdown -->
+
+  <!-- SYSTEMLOG rolling file appender to system.log (INFO level) -->
+
+  <appender name="SYSTEMLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
+      <level>INFO</level>
+    </filter>
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/system.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/system.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern>
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 7 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- DEBUGLOG rolling file appender to debug.log (all levels) -->
+
+  <appender name="DEBUGLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/debug.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/debug.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern>
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 7 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- ASYNCLOG assynchronous appender to debug.log (all levels) -->
+
+  <appender name="ASYNCDEBUGLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
+    <queueSize>1024</queueSize>
+    <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
+    <includeCallerData>true</includeCallerData>
+    <appender-ref ref="DEBUGLOG" />
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- STDOUT console appender to stdout (INFO level) -->
+
+  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
+    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
+      <level>INFO</level>
+    </filter>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- Uncomment below configuration (Audit Logging (FileAuditLogger) rolling file appender and Audit Logging
+  additivity) in order to have the log events flow through separate log file instead of system.log.
+  Audit Logging (FileAuditLogger) rolling file appender to audit.log -->
+  <!-- <appender name="AUDIT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/audit/audit.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy"> -->
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <!-- <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/audit/audit.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern> -->
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 30 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <!-- <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender> -->
+
+  <!-- Audit Logging additivity to redirect audit logging events to audit/audit.log -->
+  <!-- <logger name="org.apache.cassandra.audit" additivity="false" level="INFO">
+    <appender-ref ref="AUDIT"/>
+  </logger> -->
+
+  <!-- Uncomment bellow and corresponding appender-ref to activate logback metrics
+  <appender name="LogbackMetrics" class="com.codahale.metrics.logback.InstrumentedAppender" />
+   -->
+
+  <root level="INFO">
+    <appender-ref ref="SYSTEMLOG" />
+    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
+    <appender-ref ref="ASYNCDEBUGLOG" /> <!-- Comment this line to disable debug.log -->
+    <!--
+    <appender-ref ref="LogbackMetrics" />
+    -->
+  </root>
+
+  <logger name="org.apache.cassandra" level="DEBUG"/>
+</configuration>
--- a/etc/cass3/.gitignore
+++ b/etc/cass3/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# ignore everything
+#*
+
+# except
+# .gitignore
+# !cassandra.yaml
+# !jvm*
+# !logback.xml
+# !commitlog_archiving.properties
+# !cassandra-rackdc.properties
+# !cassandra-env.sh
--- a/etc/cass3/cassandra-env.sh
+++ b/etc/cass3/cassandra-env.sh
@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+calculate_heap_sizes()
+{
+    case "`uname`" in
+        Linux)
+            system_memory_in_mb=`free -m | awk '/:/ {print $2;exit}'`
+            system_cpu_cores=`egrep -c 'processor([[:space:]]+):.*' /proc/cpuinfo`
+        ;;
+        FreeBSD)
+            system_memory_in_bytes=`sysctl hw.physmem | awk '{print $2}'`
+            system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_bytes / 1024 / 1024`
+            system_cpu_cores=`sysctl hw.ncpu | awk '{print $2}'`
+        ;;
+        SunOS)
+            system_memory_in_mb=`prtconf | awk '/Memory size:/ {print $3}'`
+            system_cpu_cores=`psrinfo | wc -l`
+        ;;
+        Darwin)
+            system_memory_in_bytes=`sysctl hw.memsize | awk '{print $2}'`
+            system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_bytes / 1024 / 1024`
+            system_cpu_cores=`sysctl hw.ncpu | awk '{print $2}'`
+        ;;
+        *)
+            # assume reasonable defaults for e.g. a modern desktop or
+            # cheap server
+            system_memory_in_mb="2048"
+            system_cpu_cores="2"
+        ;;
+    esac
+
+    # some systems like the raspberry pi don't report cores, use at least 1
+    if [ "$system_cpu_cores" -lt "1" ]
+    then
+        system_cpu_cores="1"
+    fi
+
+    # set max heap size based on the following
+    # max(min(1/2 ram, 1024MB), min(1/4 ram, 8GB))
+    # calculate 1/2 ram and cap to 1024MB
+    # calculate 1/4 ram and cap to 8192MB
+    # pick the max
+    half_system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_mb / 2`
+    quarter_system_memory_in_mb=`expr $half_system_memory_in_mb / 2`
+    if [ "$half_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "1024" ]
+    then
+        half_system_memory_in_mb="1024"
+    fi
+    if [ "$quarter_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "8192" ]
+    then
+        quarter_system_memory_in_mb="8192"
+    fi
+    if [ "$half_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "$quarter_system_memory_in_mb" ]
+    then
+        max_heap_size_in_mb="$half_system_memory_in_mb"
+    else
+        max_heap_size_in_mb="$quarter_system_memory_in_mb"
+    fi
+    MAX_HEAP_SIZE="${max_heap_size_in_mb}M"
+
+    # Young gen: min(max_sensible_per_modern_cpu_core * num_cores, 1/4 * heap size)
+    max_sensible_yg_per_core_in_mb="100"
+    max_sensible_yg_in_mb=`expr $max_sensible_yg_per_core_in_mb "*" $system_cpu_cores`
+
+    desired_yg_in_mb=`expr $max_heap_size_in_mb / 4`
+
+    if [ "$desired_yg_in_mb" -gt "$max_sensible_yg_in_mb" ]
+    then
+        HEAP_NEWSIZE="${max_sensible_yg_in_mb}M"
+    else
+        HEAP_NEWSIZE="${desired_yg_in_mb}M"
+    fi
+}
+
+# Sets the path where logback and GC logs are written.
+if [ "x$CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR" = "x" ] ; then
+    CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR="$CASSANDRA_HOME/logs"
+fi
+
+#GC log path has to be defined here because it needs to access CASSANDRA_HOME
+if [ $JAVA_VERSION -ge 11 ] ; then
+    # See description of https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8046148 for details about the syntax
+    # The following is the equivalent to -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10 -XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+    echo "$JVM_OPTS" | grep -qe "-[X]log:gc"
+    if [ "$?" = "1" ] ; then # [X] to prevent ccm from replacing this line
+        # only add -Xlog:gc if it's not mentioned in jvm-server.options file
+        mkdir -p ${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xlog:gc=info,heap*=trace,age*=debug,safepoint=info,promotion*=trace:file=${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}/gc.log:time,uptime,pid,tid,level:filecount=10,filesize=10485760"
+    fi
+else
+    # Java 8
+    echo "$JVM_OPTS" | grep -qe "-[X]loggc"
+    if [ "$?" = "1" ] ; then # [X] to prevent ccm from replacing this line
+        # only add -Xlog:gc if it's not mentioned in jvm-server.options file
+        mkdir -p ${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xloggc:${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}/gc.log"
+    fi
+fi
+
+# Check what parameters were defined on jvm-server.options file to avoid conflicts
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xmn
+DEFINED_XMN=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xmx
+DEFINED_XMX=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xms
+DEFINED_XMS=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q UseConcMarkSweepGC
+USING_CMS=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q +UseG1GC
+USING_G1=$?
+
+# Override these to set the amount of memory to allocate to the JVM at
+# start-up. For production use you may wish to adjust this for your
+# environment. MAX_HEAP_SIZE is the total amount of memory dedicated
+# to the Java heap. HEAP_NEWSIZE refers to the size of the young
+# generation. Both MAX_HEAP_SIZE and HEAP_NEWSIZE should be either set
+# or not (if you set one, set the other).
+#
+# The main trade-off for the young generation is that the larger it
+# is, the longer GC pause times will be. The shorter it is, the more
+# expensive GC will be (usually).
+#
+# The example HEAP_NEWSIZE assumes a modern 8-core+ machine for decent pause
+# times. If in doubt, and if you do not particularly want to tweak, go with
+# 100 MB per physical CPU core.
+
+#MAX_HEAP_SIZE="4G"
+#HEAP_NEWSIZE="800M"
+
+# Set this to control the amount of arenas per-thread in glibc
+#export MALLOC_ARENA_MAX=4
+
+# only calculate the size if it's not set manually
+if [ "x$MAX_HEAP_SIZE" = "x" ] && [ "x$HEAP_NEWSIZE" = "x" -o $USING_G1 -eq 0 ]; then
+    calculate_heap_sizes
+elif [ "x$MAX_HEAP_SIZE" = "x" ] ||  [ "x$HEAP_NEWSIZE" = "x" -a $USING_G1 -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "please set or unset MAX_HEAP_SIZE and HEAP_NEWSIZE in pairs when using CMS GC (see cassandra-env.sh)"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ "x$MALLOC_ARENA_MAX" = "x" ] ; then
+    export MALLOC_ARENA_MAX=4
+fi
+
+# We only set -Xms and -Xmx if they were not defined on jvm-server.options file
+# If defined, both Xmx and Xms should be defined together.
+if [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ] && [ $DEFINED_XMS -ne 0 ]; then
+     JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xms${MAX_HEAP_SIZE}"
+     JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xmx${MAX_HEAP_SIZE}"
+elif [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ] || [ $DEFINED_XMS -ne 0 ]; then
+     echo "Please set or unset -Xmx and -Xms flags in pairs on jvm-server.options file."
+     exit 1
+fi
+
+# We only set -Xmn flag if it was not defined in jvm-server.options file
+# and if the CMS GC is being used
+# If defined, both Xmn and Xmx should be defined together.
+if [ $DEFINED_XMN -eq 0 ] && [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "Please set or unset -Xmx and -Xmn flags in pairs on jvm-server.options file."
+    exit 1
+elif [ $DEFINED_XMN -ne 0 ] && [ $USING_CMS -eq 0 ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xmn${HEAP_NEWSIZE}"
+fi
+
+# We fail to start if -Xmn is used with G1 GC is being used
+# See comments for -Xmn in jvm-server.options
+if [ $DEFINED_XMN -eq 0 ] && [ $USING_G1 -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo "It is not recommended to set -Xmn with the G1 garbage collector. See comments for -Xmn in jvm-server.options for details."
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ "$JVM_ARCH" = "64-Bit" ] && [ $USING_CMS -eq 0 ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+UseCondCardMark"
+fi
+
+# provides hints to the JIT compiler
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:CompileCommandFile=$CASSANDRA_CONF/hotspot_compiler"
+
+# add the jamm javaagent
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -javaagent:$CASSANDRA_HOME/lib/jamm-0.3.2.jar"
+
+# set jvm HeapDumpPath with CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR
+if [ "x$CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR" != "x" ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:HeapDumpPath=$CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR/cassandra-`date +%s`-pid$$.hprof"
+fi
+
+# stop the jvm on OutOfMemoryError as it can result in some data corruption
+# uncomment the preferred option
+# ExitOnOutOfMemoryError and CrashOnOutOfMemoryError require a JRE greater or equals to 1.7 update 101 or 1.8 update 92
+# For OnOutOfMemoryError we cannot use the JVM_OPTS variables because bash commands split words
+# on white spaces without taking quotes into account
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+ExitOnOutOfMemoryError"
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+CrashOnOutOfMemoryError"
+JVM_ON_OUT_OF_MEMORY_ERROR_OPT="-XX:OnOutOfMemoryError=kill -9 %p"
+
+# print an heap histogram on OutOfMemoryError
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.printHeapHistogramOnOutOfMemoryError=true"
+
+# jmx: metrics and administration interface
+#
+# add this if you're having trouble connecting:
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=<public name>"
+#
+# see
+# https://blogs.oracle.com/jmxetc/entry/troubleshooting_connection_problems_in_jconsole
+# for more on configuring JMX through firewalls, etc. (Short version:
+# get it working with no firewall first.)
+#
+# Cassandra ships with JMX accessible *only* from localhost.  
+# To enable remote JMX connections, uncomment lines below
+# with authentication and/or ssl enabled. See https://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/JmxSecurity 
+#
+if [ "x$LOCAL_JMX" = "x" ]; then
+    LOCAL_JMX=yes
+fi
+
+# Specifies the default port over which Cassandra will be available for
+# JMX connections.
+# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet.  Firewall it if needed.
+JMX_PORT="7199"
+
+if [ "$LOCAL_JMX" = "yes" ]; then
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.local.port=$JMX_PORT"
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false"
+else
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.remote.port=$JMX_PORT"
+  # if ssl is enabled the same port cannot be used for both jmx and rmi so either
+  # pick another value for this property or comment out to use a random port (though see CASSANDRA-7087 for origins)
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.rmi.port=$JMX_PORT"
+
+  # turn on JMX authentication. See below for further options
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true"
+
+  # jmx ssl options
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=true"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.need.client.auth=true"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.enabled.protocols=<enabled-protocols>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.enabled.cipher.suites=<enabled-cipher-suites>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=/path/to/keystore"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=<keystore-password>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/path/to/truststore"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=<truststore-password>"
+fi
+
+# jmx authentication and authorization options. By default, auth is only
+# activated for remote connections but they can also be enabled for local only JMX
+## Basic file based authn & authz
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=/etc/cassandra/jmxremote.password"
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=/etc/cassandra/jmxremote.access"
+## Custom auth settings which can be used as alternatives to JMX's out of the box auth utilities.
+## JAAS login modules can be used for authentication by uncommenting these two properties.
+## Cassandra ships with a LoginModule implementation - org.apache.cassandra.auth.CassandraLoginModule -
+## which delegates to the IAuthenticator configured in cassandra.yaml. See the sample JAAS configuration
+## file cassandra-jaas.config
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.remote.login.config=CassandraLogin"
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.security.auth.login.config=$CASSANDRA_CONF/cassandra-jaas.config"
+
+## Cassandra also ships with a helper for delegating JMX authz calls to the configured IAuthorizer,
+## uncomment this to use it. Requires one of the two authentication options to be enabled
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.authorizer=org.apache.cassandra.auth.jmx.AuthorizationProxy"
+
+# To use mx4j, an HTML interface for JMX, add mx4j-tools.jar to the lib/
+# directory.
+# See http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/operating/metrics.html#jmx
+# By default mx4j listens on the broadcast_address, port 8081. Uncomment the following lines
+# to control its listen address and port.
+#MX4J_ADDRESS="127.0.0.1"
+#MX4J_PORT="8081"
+
+# Cassandra uses SIGAR to capture OS metrics CASSANDRA-7838
+# for SIGAR we have to set the java.library.path
+# to the location of the native libraries.
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.library.path=$CASSANDRA_HOME/lib/sigar-bin"
+
+if [ "x$MX4J_ADDRESS" != "x" ]; then
+    if [[ "$MX4J_ADDRESS" == \-Dmx4jaddress* ]]; then
+        # Backward compatible with the older style #13578
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $MX4J_ADDRESS"
+    else
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dmx4jaddress=$MX4J_ADDRESS"
+    fi
+fi
+if [ "x$MX4J_PORT" != "x" ]; then
+    if [[ "$MX4J_PORT" == \-Dmx4jport* ]]; then
+        # Backward compatible with the older style #13578
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $MX4J_PORT"
+    else
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dmx4jport=$MX4J_PORT"
+    fi
+fi
+
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $JVM_EXTRA_OPTS"
+
--- a/etc/cass3/cassandra-rackdc.properties
+++ b/etc/cass3/cassandra-rackdc.properties
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# These properties are used with GossipingPropertyFileSnitch and will
+# indicate the rack and dc for this node
+dc= Mars
+rack= West
+
+# Add a suffix to a datacenter name. Used by the Ec2Snitch and Ec2MultiRegionSnitch
+# to append a string to the EC2 region name.
+#dc_suffix=
+
+# Uncomment the following line to make this snitch prefer the internal ip when possible, as the Ec2MultiRegionSnitch does.
+# prefer_local=true
+
+# Datacenter and rack naming convention used by the Ec2Snitch and Ec2MultiRegionSnitch.
+# Options are:
+#   legacy : datacenter name is the part of the availability zone name preceding the last "-"
+#       when the zone ends in -1 and includes the number if not -1. Rack is the portion of
+#       the availability zone name following  the last "-".
+#       Examples: us-west-1a => dc: us-west, rack: 1a; us-west-2b => dc: us-west-2, rack: 2b; 
+#       YOU MUST USE THIS VALUE IF YOU ARE UPGRADING A PRE-4.0 CLUSTER
+#   standard : Default value. datacenter name is the standard AWS region name, including the number.
+#       rack name is the region plus the availability zone letter.
+#       Examples: us-west-1a => dc: us-west-1, rack: us-west-1a; us-west-2b => dc: us-west-2, rack: us-west-2b;
+# ec2_naming_scheme=standard
--- a/etc/cass3/cassandra.yaml
+++ b/etc/cass3/cassandra.yaml
--- a/etc/cass3/commitlog_archiving.properties
+++ b/etc/cass3/commitlog_archiving.properties
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# commitlog archiving configuration.  Leave blank to disable.
+
+# Command to execute to archive a commitlog segment
+# Parameters: %path => Fully qualified path of the segment to archive
+#             %name => Name of the commit log.
+# Example: archive_command=/bin/ln %path /backup/%name
+#
+# Limitation: *_command= expects one command with arguments. STDOUT
+# and STDIN or multiple commands cannot be executed.  You might want
+# to script multiple commands and add a pointer here.
+archive_command=
+
+# Command to execute to make an archived commitlog live again.
+# Parameters: %from is the full path to an archived commitlog segment (from restore_directories)
+#             %to is the live commitlog directory
+# Example: restore_command=/bin/cp -f %from %to
+restore_command=
+
+# Directory to scan the recovery files in.
+restore_directories=
+
+# Restore mutations created up to and including this timestamp in GMT.
+# Format: yyyy:MM:dd HH:mm:ss (2012:04:31 20:43:12)
+#
+# Recovery will continue through the segment when the first client-supplied
+# timestamp greater than this time is encountered, but only mutations less than
+# or equal to this timestamp will be applied.
+restore_point_in_time=
+
+# precision of the timestamp used in the inserts (MILLISECONDS, MICROSECONDS, ...)
+precision=MICROSECONDS
--- a/etc/cass3/jvm-clients.options
+++ b/etc/cass3/jvm-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm-clients.options                             #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm8-clients.options and jvm11-clients.options for Java version     #
+# specific options.                                                       #
+###########################################################################
+
+# intentionally left empty
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass3/jvm-server.options
+++ b/etc/cass3/jvm-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm-server.options                              #
+#                                                                         #
+# - all flags defined here will be used by cassandra to startup the JVM   #
+# - one flag should be specified per line                                 #
+# - lines that do not start with '-' will be ignored                      #
+# - only static flags are accepted (no variables or parameters)           #
+# - dynamic flags will be appended to these on cassandra-env              #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm8-server.options and jvm11-server.options for Java version       #
+# specific options.                                                       #
+###########################################################################
+
+######################
+# STARTUP PARAMETERS #
+######################
+
+# Uncomment any of the following properties to enable specific startup parameters
+
+# In a multi-instance deployment, multiple Cassandra instances will independently assume that all
+# CPU processors are available to it. This setting allows you to specify a smaller set of processors
+# and perhaps have affinity.
+#-Dcassandra.available_processors=number_of_processors
+
+# The directory location of the cassandra.yaml file.
+#-Dcassandra.config=directory
+
+# Sets the initial partitioner token for a node the first time the node is started.
+#-Dcassandra.initial_token=token
+
+# Set to false to start Cassandra on a node but not have the node join the cluster.
+#-Dcassandra.join_ring=true|false
+
+# Set to false to clear all gossip state for the node on restart. Use when you have changed node
+# information in cassandra.yaml (such as listen_address).
+#-Dcassandra.load_ring_state=true|false
+
+# Enable pluggable metrics reporter. See Pluggable metrics reporting in Cassandra 2.0.2.
+#-Dcassandra.metricsReporterConfigFile=file
+
+# Set the port on which the CQL native transport listens for clients. (Default: 9042)
+#-Dcassandra.native_transport_port=port
+
+# Overrides the partitioner. (Default: org.apache.cassandra.dht.Murmur3Partitioner)
+#-Dcassandra.partitioner=partitioner
+
+# To replace a node that has died, restart a new node in its place specifying the address of the
+# dead node. The new node must not have any data in its data directory, that is, it must be in the
+# same state as before bootstrapping.
+#-Dcassandra.replace_address=listen_address or broadcast_address of dead node
+
+# Allow restoring specific tables from an archived commit log.
+#-Dcassandra.replayList=table
+
+# Allows overriding of the default RING_DELAY (30000ms), which is the amount of time a node waits
+# before joining the ring.
+#-Dcassandra.ring_delay_ms=ms
+
+# Set the SSL port for encrypted communication. (Default: 7001)
+#-Dcassandra.ssl_storage_port=port
+
+# Set the port for inter-node communication. (Default: 7000)
+#-Dcassandra.storage_port=port
+
+# Set the default location for the trigger JARs. (Default: conf/triggers)
+#-Dcassandra.triggers_dir=directory
+
+# For testing new compaction and compression strategies. It allows you to experiment with different
+# strategies and benchmark write performance differences without affecting the production workload. 
+#-Dcassandra.write_survey=true
+
+# To disable configuration via JMX of auth caches (such as those for credentials, permissions and
+# roles). This will mean those config options can only be set (persistently) in cassandra.yaml
+# and will require a restart for new values to take effect.
+#-Dcassandra.disable_auth_caches_remote_configuration=true
+
+# To disable dynamic calculation of the page size used when indexing an entire partition (during
+# initial index build/rebuild). If set to true, the page size will be fixed to the default of
+# 10000 rows per page.
+#-Dcassandra.force_default_indexing_page_size=true
+
+# Imposes an upper bound on hint lifetime below the normal min gc_grace_seconds
+#-Dcassandra.maxHintTTL=max_hint_ttl_in_seconds
+
+########################
+# GENERAL JVM SETTINGS #
+########################
+
+# enable assertions. highly suggested for correct application functionality.
+-ea
+
+# disable assertions for net.openhft.** because it runs out of memory by design
+# if enabled and run for more than just brief testing
+-da:net.openhft...
+
+# enable thread priorities, primarily so we can give periodic tasks
+# a lower priority to avoid interfering with client workload
+-XX:+UseThreadPriorities
+
+# Enable heap-dump if there's an OOM
+-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
+
+# Per-thread stack size.
+-Xss256k
+
+# Make sure all memory is faulted and zeroed on startup.
+# This helps prevent soft faults in containers and makes
+# transparent hugepage allocation more effective.
+-XX:+AlwaysPreTouch
+
+# Disable biased locking as it does not benefit Cassandra.
+-XX:-UseBiasedLocking
+
+# Enable thread-local allocation blocks and allow the JVM to automatically
+# resize them at runtime.
+-XX:+UseTLAB
+-XX:+ResizeTLAB
+-XX:+UseNUMA
+
+# http://www.evanjones.ca/jvm-mmap-pause.html
+-XX:+PerfDisableSharedMem
+
+# Prefer binding to IPv4 network intefaces (when net.ipv6.bindv6only=1). See
+# http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6342561 (short version:
+# comment out this entry to enable IPv6 support).
+-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true
+
+### Debug options
+
+# uncomment to enable flight recorder
+#-XX:+UnlockCommercialFeatures
+#-XX:+FlightRecorder
+
+# uncomment to have Cassandra JVM listen for remote debuggers/profilers on port 1414
+#-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=1414
+
+# uncomment to have Cassandra JVM log internal method compilation (developers only)
+#-XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions
+#-XX:+LogCompilation
+
+#################
+# HEAP SETTINGS #
+#################
+
+# Heap size is automatically calculated by cassandra-env based on this
+# formula: max(min(1/2 ram, 1024MB), min(1/4 ram, 8GB))
+# That is:
+# - calculate 1/2 ram and cap to 1024MB
+# - calculate 1/4 ram and cap to 8192MB
+# - pick the max
+#
+# For production use you may wish to adjust this for your environment.
+# If that's the case, uncomment the -Xmx and Xms options below to override the
+# automatic calculation of JVM heap memory.
+#
+# It is recommended to set min (-Xms) and max (-Xmx) heap sizes to
+# the same value to avoid stop-the-world GC pauses during resize, and
+# so that we can lock the heap in memory on startup to prevent any
+# of it from being swapped out.
+#-Xms4G
+#-Xmx4G
+
+# Young generation size is automatically calculated by cassandra-env
+# based on this formula: min(100 * num_cores, 1/4 * heap size)
+#
+# The main trade-off for the young generation is that the larger it
+# is, the longer GC pause times will be. The shorter it is, the more
+# expensive GC will be (usually).
+#
+# It is not recommended to set the young generation size if using the
+# G1 GC, since that will override the target pause-time goal.
+# More info: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/java/g1gc-1984535.html
+#
+# The example below assumes a modern 8-core+ machine for decent
+# times. If in doubt, and if you do not particularly want to tweak, go
+# 100 MB per physical CPU core.
+#-Xmn800M
+
+###################################
+# EXPIRATION DATE OVERFLOW POLICY #
+###################################
+
+# Defines how to handle INSERT requests with TTL exceeding the maximum supported expiration date:
+# * REJECT: this is the default policy and will reject any requests with expiration date timestamp after 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00.
+# * CAP: any insert with TTL expiring after 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00 will expire on 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00 and the client will receive a warning.
+# * CAP_NOWARN: same as previous, except that the client warning will not be emitted.
+#
+#-Dcassandra.expiration_date_overflow_policy=REJECT
--- a/etc/cass3/jvm11-clients.options
+++ b/etc/cass3/jvm11-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm11-clients.options                           #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-clients.options. This file is specific for Java 11 and newer.   #
+###########################################################################
+
+###################
+#  JPMS SETTINGS  #
+###################
+
+-Djdk.attach.allowAttachSelf=true
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.misc=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/sun.nio.ch=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.management.rmi/com.sun.jmx.remote.internal.rmi=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.registry=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.server=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.sql/java.sql=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+--add-opens java.base/java.lang.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.loader=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.reflect=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.math=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.util.jar=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens jdk.management/com.sun.management.internal=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass3/jvm11-server.options
+++ b/etc/cass3/jvm11-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm11-server.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-server.options. This file is specific for Java 11 and newer.    #
+###########################################################################
+
+#################
+#  GC SETTINGS  #
+#################
+
+
+
+### CMS Settings
+-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
+-XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled
+-XX:SurvivorRatio=8
+-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=1
+-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75
+-XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly
+-XX:CMSWaitDuration=10000
+-XX:+CMSParallelInitialMarkEnabled
+-XX:+CMSEdenChunksRecordAlways
+## some JVMs will fill up their heap when accessed via JMX, see CASSANDRA-6541
+-XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled
+
+
+
+### G1 Settings
+## Use the Hotspot garbage-first collector.
+#-XX:+UseG1GC
+#-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled
+
+#
+## Have the JVM do less remembered set work during STW, instead
+## preferring concurrent GC. Reduces p99.9 latency.
+#-XX:G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent=5
+#
+## Main G1GC tunable: lowering the pause target will lower throughput and vise versa.
+## 200ms is the JVM default and lowest viable setting
+## 1000ms increases throughput. Keep it smaller than the timeouts in cassandra.yaml.
+#-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=500
+
+## Optional G1 Settings
+# Save CPU time on large (>= 16GB) heaps by delaying region scanning
+# until the heap is 70% full. The default in Hotspot 8u40 is 40%.
+#-XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=70
+
+# For systems with > 8 cores, the default ParallelGCThreads is 5/8 the number of logical cores.
+# Otherwise equal to the number of cores when 8 or less.
+# Machines with > 10 cores should try setting these to <= full cores.
+#-XX:ParallelGCThreads=16
+# By default, ConcGCThreads is 1/4 of ParallelGCThreads.
+# Setting both to the same value can reduce STW durations.
+#-XX:ConcGCThreads=16
+
+
+### JPMS
+
+-Djdk.attach.allowAttachSelf=true
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.misc=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/sun.nio.ch=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.management.rmi/com.sun.jmx.remote.internal.rmi=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.registry=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.server=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.sql/java.sql=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+--add-opens java.base/java.lang.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.loader=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.reflect=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.math=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.util.jar=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens jdk.management/com.sun.management.internal=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+
+### GC logging options -- uncomment to enable
+
+# Java 11 (and newer) GC logging options:
+# See description of https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8046148 for details about the syntax
+# The following is the equivalent to -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10 -XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+#-Xlog:gc=info,heap*=trace,age*=debug,safepoint=info,promotion*=trace:file=/var/log/cassandra/gc.log:time,uptime,pid,tid,level:filecount=10,filesize=10485760
+
+# Notes for Java 8 migration:
+#
+# -XX:+PrintGCDetails                   maps to -Xlog:gc*:... - i.e. add a '*' after "gc"
+# -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps                maps to decorator 'time'
+#
+# -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC                    maps to 'heap' with level 'trace'
+# -XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution        maps to 'age' with level 'debug'
+# -XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime    maps to 'safepoint' with level 'info'
+# -XX:+PrintPromotionFailure            maps to 'promotion' with level 'trace'
+# -XX:PrintFLSStatistics=1              maps to 'freelist' with level 'trace'
+
+### Netty Options
+
+# On Java >= 9 Netty requires the io.netty.tryReflectionSetAccessible system property to be set to true to enable
+# creation of direct buffers using Unsafe. Without it, this falls back to ByteBuffer.allocateDirect which has
+# inferior performance and risks exceeding MaxDirectMemory
+-Dio.netty.tryReflectionSetAccessible=true
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass3/jvm8-clients.options
+++ b/etc/cass3/jvm8-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm8-clients.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-clients.options. This file is specific for Java 8 and newer.    #
+###########################################################################
+
+# intentionally left empty
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass3/jvm8-server.options
+++ b/etc/cass3/jvm8-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                          jvm8-server.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-server.options. This file is specific for Java 8 and newer.     #
+###########################################################################
+
+########################
+# GENERAL JVM SETTINGS #
+########################
+
+# allows lowering thread priority without being root on linux - probably
+# not necessary on Windows but doesn't harm anything.
+# see http://tech.stolsvik.com/2010/01/linux-java-thread-priorities-workaround.html
+-XX:ThreadPriorityPolicy=42
+
+#################
+#  GC SETTINGS  #
+#################
+
+### CMS Settings
+-XX:+UseParNewGC
+-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
+-XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled
+-XX:SurvivorRatio=8
+-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=1
+-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75
+-XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly
+-XX:CMSWaitDuration=10000
+-XX:+CMSParallelInitialMarkEnabled
+-XX:+CMSEdenChunksRecordAlways
+## some JVMs will fill up their heap when accessed via JMX, see CASSANDRA-6541
+-XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled
+
+### G1 Settings
+## Use the Hotspot garbage-first collector.
+#-XX:+UseG1GC
+#-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled
+
+#
+## Have the JVM do less remembered set work during STW, instead
+## preferring concurrent GC. Reduces p99.9 latency.
+#-XX:G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent=5
+#
+## Main G1GC tunable: lowering the pause target will lower throughput and vise versa.
+## 200ms is the JVM default and lowest viable setting
+## 1000ms increases throughput. Keep it smaller than the timeouts in cassandra.yaml.
+#-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=500
+
+## Optional G1 Settings
+# Save CPU time on large (>= 16GB) heaps by delaying region scanning
+# until the heap is 70% full. The default in Hotspot 8u40 is 40%.
+#-XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=70
+
+# For systems with > 8 cores, the default ParallelGCThreads is 5/8 the number of logical cores.
+# Otherwise equal to the number of cores when 8 or less.
+# Machines with > 10 cores should try setting these to <= full cores.
+#-XX:ParallelGCThreads=16
+# By default, ConcGCThreads is 1/4 of ParallelGCThreads.
+# Setting both to the same value can reduce STW durations.
+#-XX:ConcGCThreads=16
+
+### GC logging options -- uncomment to enable
+
+-XX:+PrintGCDetails
+-XX:+PrintGCDateStamps
+-XX:+PrintHeapAtGC
+-XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution
+-XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime
+-XX:+PrintPromotionFailure
+#-XX:PrintFLSStatistics=1
+#-Xloggc:/var/log/cassandra/gc.log
+-XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation
+-XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10
+-XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass3/logback.xml
+++ b/etc/cass3/logback.xml
@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+-->
+
+<!--
+In order to disable debug.log, comment-out the ASYNCDEBUGLOG
+appender reference in the root level section below.
+-->
+
+<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="60 seconds">
+  <jmxConfigurator />
+
+  <!-- No shutdown hook; we run it ourselves in StorageService after shutdown -->
+
+  <!-- SYSTEMLOG rolling file appender to system.log (INFO level) -->
+
+  <appender name="SYSTEMLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
+      <level>INFO</level>
+    </filter>
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/system.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/system.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern>
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 7 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- DEBUGLOG rolling file appender to debug.log (all levels) -->
+
+  <appender name="DEBUGLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/debug.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/debug.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern>
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 7 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- ASYNCLOG assynchronous appender to debug.log (all levels) -->
+
+  <appender name="ASYNCDEBUGLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
+    <queueSize>1024</queueSize>
+    <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
+    <includeCallerData>true</includeCallerData>
+    <appender-ref ref="DEBUGLOG" />
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- STDOUT console appender to stdout (INFO level) -->
+
+  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
+    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
+      <level>INFO</level>
+    </filter>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- Uncomment below configuration (Audit Logging (FileAuditLogger) rolling file appender and Audit Logging
+  additivity) in order to have the log events flow through separate log file instead of system.log.
+  Audit Logging (FileAuditLogger) rolling file appender to audit.log -->
+  <!-- <appender name="AUDIT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/audit/audit.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy"> -->
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <!-- <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/audit/audit.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern> -->
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 30 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <!-- <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender> -->
+
+  <!-- Audit Logging additivity to redirect audit logging events to audit/audit.log -->
+  <!-- <logger name="org.apache.cassandra.audit" additivity="false" level="INFO">
+    <appender-ref ref="AUDIT"/>
+  </logger> -->
+
+  <!-- Uncomment bellow and corresponding appender-ref to activate logback metrics
+  <appender name="LogbackMetrics" class="com.codahale.metrics.logback.InstrumentedAppender" />
+   -->
+
+  <root level="INFO">
+    <appender-ref ref="SYSTEMLOG" />
+    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
+    <appender-ref ref="ASYNCDEBUGLOG" /> <!-- Comment this line to disable debug.log -->
+    <!--
+    <appender-ref ref="LogbackMetrics" />
+    -->
+  </root>
+
+  <logger name="org.apache.cassandra" level="DEBUG"/>
+</configuration>
--- a/etc/cass_startup_client/.gitignore
+++ b/etc/cass_startup_client/.gitignore
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# ignore everything
+#*
+
+# except
+# .gitignore
+# !cassandra.yaml
+# !jvm*
+# !logback.xml
+# !commitlog_archiving.properties
+# !cassandra-rackdc.properties
+# !cassandra-env.sh
--- a/etc/cass_startup_client/cassandra-env.sh
+++ b/etc/cass_startup_client/cassandra-env.sh
@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+calculate_heap_sizes()
+{
+    case "`uname`" in
+        Linux)
+            system_memory_in_mb=`free -m | awk '/:/ {print $2;exit}'`
+            system_cpu_cores=`egrep -c 'processor([[:space:]]+):.*' /proc/cpuinfo`
+        ;;
+        FreeBSD)
+            system_memory_in_bytes=`sysctl hw.physmem | awk '{print $2}'`
+            system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_bytes / 1024 / 1024`
+            system_cpu_cores=`sysctl hw.ncpu | awk '{print $2}'`
+        ;;
+        SunOS)
+            system_memory_in_mb=`prtconf | awk '/Memory size:/ {print $3}'`
+            system_cpu_cores=`psrinfo | wc -l`
+        ;;
+        Darwin)
+            system_memory_in_bytes=`sysctl hw.memsize | awk '{print $2}'`
+            system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_bytes / 1024 / 1024`
+            system_cpu_cores=`sysctl hw.ncpu | awk '{print $2}'`
+        ;;
+        *)
+            # assume reasonable defaults for e.g. a modern desktop or
+            # cheap server
+            system_memory_in_mb="2048"
+            system_cpu_cores="2"
+        ;;
+    esac
+
+    # some systems like the raspberry pi don't report cores, use at least 1
+    if [ "$system_cpu_cores" -lt "1" ]
+    then
+        system_cpu_cores="1"
+    fi
+
+    # set max heap size based on the following
+    # max(min(1/2 ram, 1024MB), min(1/4 ram, 8GB))
+    # calculate 1/2 ram and cap to 1024MB
+    # calculate 1/4 ram and cap to 8192MB
+    # pick the max
+    half_system_memory_in_mb=`expr $system_memory_in_mb / 2`
+    quarter_system_memory_in_mb=`expr $half_system_memory_in_mb / 2`
+    if [ "$half_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "1024" ]
+    then
+        half_system_memory_in_mb="1024"
+    fi
+    if [ "$quarter_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "8192" ]
+    then
+        quarter_system_memory_in_mb="8192"
+    fi
+    if [ "$half_system_memory_in_mb" -gt "$quarter_system_memory_in_mb" ]
+    then
+        max_heap_size_in_mb="$half_system_memory_in_mb"
+    else
+        max_heap_size_in_mb="$quarter_system_memory_in_mb"
+    fi
+    MAX_HEAP_SIZE="${max_heap_size_in_mb}M"
+
+    # Young gen: min(max_sensible_per_modern_cpu_core * num_cores, 1/4 * heap size)
+    max_sensible_yg_per_core_in_mb="100"
+    max_sensible_yg_in_mb=`expr $max_sensible_yg_per_core_in_mb "*" $system_cpu_cores`
+
+    desired_yg_in_mb=`expr $max_heap_size_in_mb / 4`
+
+    if [ "$desired_yg_in_mb" -gt "$max_sensible_yg_in_mb" ]
+    then
+        HEAP_NEWSIZE="${max_sensible_yg_in_mb}M"
+    else
+        HEAP_NEWSIZE="${desired_yg_in_mb}M"
+    fi
+}
+
+# Sets the path where logback and GC logs are written.
+if [ "x$CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR" = "x" ] ; then
+    CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR="$CASSANDRA_HOME/logs"
+fi
+
+#GC log path has to be defined here because it needs to access CASSANDRA_HOME
+if [ $JAVA_VERSION -ge 11 ] ; then
+    # See description of https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8046148 for details about the syntax
+    # The following is the equivalent to -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10 -XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+    echo "$JVM_OPTS" | grep -qe "-[X]log:gc"
+    if [ "$?" = "1" ] ; then # [X] to prevent ccm from replacing this line
+        # only add -Xlog:gc if it's not mentioned in jvm-server.options file
+        mkdir -p ${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xlog:gc=info,heap*=trace,age*=debug,safepoint=info,promotion*=trace:file=${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}/gc.log:time,uptime,pid,tid,level:filecount=10,filesize=10485760"
+    fi
+else
+    # Java 8
+    echo "$JVM_OPTS" | grep -qe "-[X]loggc"
+    if [ "$?" = "1" ] ; then # [X] to prevent ccm from replacing this line
+        # only add -Xlog:gc if it's not mentioned in jvm-server.options file
+        mkdir -p ${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xloggc:${CASSANDRA_LOG_DIR}/gc.log"
+    fi
+fi
+
+# Check what parameters were defined on jvm-server.options file to avoid conflicts
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xmn
+DEFINED_XMN=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xmx
+DEFINED_XMX=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q Xms
+DEFINED_XMS=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q UseConcMarkSweepGC
+USING_CMS=$?
+echo $JVM_OPTS | grep -q +UseG1GC
+USING_G1=$?
+
+# Override these to set the amount of memory to allocate to the JVM at
+# start-up. For production use you may wish to adjust this for your
+# environment. MAX_HEAP_SIZE is the total amount of memory dedicated
+# to the Java heap. HEAP_NEWSIZE refers to the size of the young
+# generation. Both MAX_HEAP_SIZE and HEAP_NEWSIZE should be either set
+# or not (if you set one, set the other).
+#
+# The main trade-off for the young generation is that the larger it
+# is, the longer GC pause times will be. The shorter it is, the more
+# expensive GC will be (usually).
+#
+# The example HEAP_NEWSIZE assumes a modern 8-core+ machine for decent pause
+# times. If in doubt, and if you do not particularly want to tweak, go with
+# 100 MB per physical CPU core.
+
+#MAX_HEAP_SIZE="4G"
+#HEAP_NEWSIZE="800M"
+
+# Set this to control the amount of arenas per-thread in glibc
+#export MALLOC_ARENA_MAX=4
+
+# only calculate the size if it's not set manually
+if [ "x$MAX_HEAP_SIZE" = "x" ] && [ "x$HEAP_NEWSIZE" = "x" -o $USING_G1 -eq 0 ]; then
+    calculate_heap_sizes
+elif [ "x$MAX_HEAP_SIZE" = "x" ] ||  [ "x$HEAP_NEWSIZE" = "x" -a $USING_G1 -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "please set or unset MAX_HEAP_SIZE and HEAP_NEWSIZE in pairs when using CMS GC (see cassandra-env.sh)"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ "x$MALLOC_ARENA_MAX" = "x" ] ; then
+    export MALLOC_ARENA_MAX=4
+fi
+
+# We only set -Xms and -Xmx if they were not defined on jvm-server.options file
+# If defined, both Xmx and Xms should be defined together.
+if [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ] && [ $DEFINED_XMS -ne 0 ]; then
+     JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xms${MAX_HEAP_SIZE}"
+     JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xmx${MAX_HEAP_SIZE}"
+elif [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ] || [ $DEFINED_XMS -ne 0 ]; then
+     echo "Please set or unset -Xmx and -Xms flags in pairs on jvm-server.options file."
+     exit 1
+fi
+
+# We only set -Xmn flag if it was not defined in jvm-server.options file
+# and if the CMS GC is being used
+# If defined, both Xmn and Xmx should be defined together.
+if [ $DEFINED_XMN -eq 0 ] && [ $DEFINED_XMX -ne 0 ]; then
+    echo "Please set or unset -Xmx and -Xmn flags in pairs on jvm-server.options file."
+    exit 1
+elif [ $DEFINED_XMN -ne 0 ] && [ $USING_CMS -eq 0 ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Xmn${HEAP_NEWSIZE}"
+fi
+
+# We fail to start if -Xmn is used with G1 GC is being used
+# See comments for -Xmn in jvm-server.options
+if [ $DEFINED_XMN -eq 0 ] && [ $USING_G1 -eq 0 ]; then
+    echo "It is not recommended to set -Xmn with the G1 garbage collector. See comments for -Xmn in jvm-server.options for details."
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ "$JVM_ARCH" = "64-Bit" ] && [ $USING_CMS -eq 0 ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+UseCondCardMark"
+fi
+
+# provides hints to the JIT compiler
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:CompileCommandFile=$CASSANDRA_CONF/hotspot_compiler"
+
+# add the jamm javaagent
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -javaagent:$CASSANDRA_HOME/lib/jamm-0.3.2.jar"
+
+# set jvm HeapDumpPath with CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR
+if [ "x$CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR" != "x" ]; then
+    JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:HeapDumpPath=$CASSANDRA_HEAPDUMP_DIR/cassandra-`date +%s`-pid$$.hprof"
+fi
+
+# stop the jvm on OutOfMemoryError as it can result in some data corruption
+# uncomment the preferred option
+# ExitOnOutOfMemoryError and CrashOnOutOfMemoryError require a JRE greater or equals to 1.7 update 101 or 1.8 update 92
+# For OnOutOfMemoryError we cannot use the JVM_OPTS variables because bash commands split words
+# on white spaces without taking quotes into account
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+ExitOnOutOfMemoryError"
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -XX:+CrashOnOutOfMemoryError"
+JVM_ON_OUT_OF_MEMORY_ERROR_OPT="-XX:OnOutOfMemoryError=kill -9 %p"
+
+# print an heap histogram on OutOfMemoryError
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.printHeapHistogramOnOutOfMemoryError=true"
+
+# jmx: metrics and administration interface
+#
+# add this if you're having trouble connecting:
+# JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=<public name>"
+#
+# see
+# https://blogs.oracle.com/jmxetc/entry/troubleshooting_connection_problems_in_jconsole
+# for more on configuring JMX through firewalls, etc. (Short version:
+# get it working with no firewall first.)
+#
+# Cassandra ships with JMX accessible *only* from localhost.  
+# To enable remote JMX connections, uncomment lines below
+# with authentication and/or ssl enabled. See https://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/JmxSecurity 
+#
+if [ "x$LOCAL_JMX" = "x" ]; then
+    LOCAL_JMX=yes
+fi
+
+# Specifies the default port over which Cassandra will be available for
+# JMX connections.
+# For security reasons, you should not expose this port to the internet.  Firewall it if needed.
+JMX_PORT="7199"
+
+if [ "$LOCAL_JMX" = "yes" ]; then
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.local.port=$JMX_PORT"
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false"
+else
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.remote.port=$JMX_PORT"
+  # if ssl is enabled the same port cannot be used for both jmx and rmi so either
+  # pick another value for this property or comment out to use a random port (though see CASSANDRA-7087 for origins)
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.rmi.port=$JMX_PORT"
+
+  # turn on JMX authentication. See below for further options
+  JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=true"
+
+  # jmx ssl options
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=true"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.need.client.auth=true"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.enabled.protocols=<enabled-protocols>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl.enabled.cipher.suites=<enabled-cipher-suites>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=/path/to/keystore"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=<keystore-password>"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=/path/to/truststore"
+  #JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=<truststore-password>"
+fi
+
+# jmx authentication and authorization options. By default, auth is only
+# activated for remote connections but they can also be enabled for local only JMX
+## Basic file based authn & authz
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.password.file=/etc/cassandra/jmxremote.password"
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.access.file=/etc/cassandra/jmxremote.access"
+## Custom auth settings which can be used as alternatives to JMX's out of the box auth utilities.
+## JAAS login modules can be used for authentication by uncommenting these two properties.
+## Cassandra ships with a LoginModule implementation - org.apache.cassandra.auth.CassandraLoginModule -
+## which delegates to the IAuthenticator configured in cassandra.yaml. See the sample JAAS configuration
+## file cassandra-jaas.config
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.remote.login.config=CassandraLogin"
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.security.auth.login.config=$CASSANDRA_CONF/cassandra-jaas.config"
+
+## Cassandra also ships with a helper for delegating JMX authz calls to the configured IAuthorizer,
+## uncomment this to use it. Requires one of the two authentication options to be enabled
+#JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dcassandra.jmx.authorizer=org.apache.cassandra.auth.jmx.AuthorizationProxy"
+
+# To use mx4j, an HTML interface for JMX, add mx4j-tools.jar to the lib/
+# directory.
+# See http://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/operating/metrics.html#jmx
+# By default mx4j listens on the broadcast_address, port 8081. Uncomment the following lines
+# to control its listen address and port.
+#MX4J_ADDRESS="127.0.0.1"
+#MX4J_PORT="8081"
+
+# Cassandra uses SIGAR to capture OS metrics CASSANDRA-7838
+# for SIGAR we have to set the java.library.path
+# to the location of the native libraries.
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Djava.library.path=$CASSANDRA_HOME/lib/sigar-bin"
+
+if [ "x$MX4J_ADDRESS" != "x" ]; then
+    if [[ "$MX4J_ADDRESS" == \-Dmx4jaddress* ]]; then
+        # Backward compatible with the older style #13578
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $MX4J_ADDRESS"
+    else
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dmx4jaddress=$MX4J_ADDRESS"
+    fi
+fi
+if [ "x$MX4J_PORT" != "x" ]; then
+    if [[ "$MX4J_PORT" == \-Dmx4jport* ]]; then
+        # Backward compatible with the older style #13578
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $MX4J_PORT"
+    else
+        JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS -Dmx4jport=$MX4J_PORT"
+    fi
+fi
+
+JVM_OPTS="$JVM_OPTS $JVM_EXTRA_OPTS"
+
--- a/etc/cass_startup_client/cassandra-rackdc.properties
+++ b/etc/cass_startup_client/cassandra-rackdc.properties
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# These properties are used with GossipingPropertyFileSnitch and will
+# indicate the rack and dc for this node
+dc= Mars
+rack= West
+
+# Add a suffix to a datacenter name. Used by the Ec2Snitch and Ec2MultiRegionSnitch
+# to append a string to the EC2 region name.
+#dc_suffix=
+
+# Uncomment the following line to make this snitch prefer the internal ip when possible, as the Ec2MultiRegionSnitch does.
+# prefer_local=true
+
+# Datacenter and rack naming convention used by the Ec2Snitch and Ec2MultiRegionSnitch.
+# Options are:
+#   legacy : datacenter name is the part of the availability zone name preceding the last "-"
+#       when the zone ends in -1 and includes the number if not -1. Rack is the portion of
+#       the availability zone name following  the last "-".
+#       Examples: us-west-1a => dc: us-west, rack: 1a; us-west-2b => dc: us-west-2, rack: 2b; 
+#       YOU MUST USE THIS VALUE IF YOU ARE UPGRADING A PRE-4.0 CLUSTER
+#   standard : Default value. datacenter name is the standard AWS region name, including the number.
+#       rack name is the region plus the availability zone letter.
+#       Examples: us-west-1a => dc: us-west-1, rack: us-west-1a; us-west-2b => dc: us-west-2, rack: us-west-2b;
+# ec2_naming_scheme=standard
--- a/etc/cass_startup_client/cassandra.yaml
+++ b/etc/cass_startup_client/cassandra.yaml
--- a/etc/cass_startup_client/commitlog_archiving.properties
+++ b/etc/cass_startup_client/commitlog_archiving.properties
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# under the License.
+
+# commitlog archiving configuration.  Leave blank to disable.
+
+# Command to execute to archive a commitlog segment
+# Parameters: %path => Fully qualified path of the segment to archive
+#             %name => Name of the commit log.
+# Example: archive_command=/bin/ln %path /backup/%name
+#
+# Limitation: *_command= expects one command with arguments. STDOUT
+# and STDIN or multiple commands cannot be executed.  You might want
+# to script multiple commands and add a pointer here.
+archive_command=
+
+# Command to execute to make an archived commitlog live again.
+# Parameters: %from is the full path to an archived commitlog segment (from restore_directories)
+#             %to is the live commitlog directory
+# Example: restore_command=/bin/cp -f %from %to
+restore_command=
+
+# Directory to scan the recovery files in.
+restore_directories=
+
+# Restore mutations created up to and including this timestamp in GMT.
+# Format: yyyy:MM:dd HH:mm:ss (2012:04:31 20:43:12)
+#
+# Recovery will continue through the segment when the first client-supplied
+# timestamp greater than this time is encountered, but only mutations less than
+# or equal to this timestamp will be applied.
+restore_point_in_time=
+
+# precision of the timestamp used in the inserts (MILLISECONDS, MICROSECONDS, ...)
+precision=MICROSECONDS
--- a/etc/cass_startup_client/jvm-clients.options
+++ b/etc/cass_startup_client/jvm-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm-clients.options                             #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm8-clients.options and jvm11-clients.options for Java version     #
+# specific options.                                                       #
+###########################################################################
+
+# intentionally left empty
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass_startup_client/jvm-server.options
+++ b/etc/cass_startup_client/jvm-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm-server.options                              #
+#                                                                         #
+# - all flags defined here will be used by cassandra to startup the JVM   #
+# - one flag should be specified per line                                 #
+# - lines that do not start with '-' will be ignored                      #
+# - only static flags are accepted (no variables or parameters)           #
+# - dynamic flags will be appended to these on cassandra-env              #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm8-server.options and jvm11-server.options for Java version       #
+# specific options.                                                       #
+###########################################################################
+
+######################
+# STARTUP PARAMETERS #
+######################
+
+# Uncomment any of the following properties to enable specific startup parameters
+
+# In a multi-instance deployment, multiple Cassandra instances will independently assume that all
+# CPU processors are available to it. This setting allows you to specify a smaller set of processors
+# and perhaps have affinity.
+#-Dcassandra.available_processors=number_of_processors
+
+# The directory location of the cassandra.yaml file.
+#-Dcassandra.config=directory
+
+# Sets the initial partitioner token for a node the first time the node is started.
+#-Dcassandra.initial_token=token
+
+# Set to false to start Cassandra on a node but not have the node join the cluster.
+#-Dcassandra.join_ring=true|false
+
+# Set to false to clear all gossip state for the node on restart. Use when you have changed node
+# information in cassandra.yaml (such as listen_address).
+#-Dcassandra.load_ring_state=true|false
+
+# Enable pluggable metrics reporter. See Pluggable metrics reporting in Cassandra 2.0.2.
+#-Dcassandra.metricsReporterConfigFile=file
+
+# Set the port on which the CQL native transport listens for clients. (Default: 9042)
+#-Dcassandra.native_transport_port=port
+
+# Overrides the partitioner. (Default: org.apache.cassandra.dht.Murmur3Partitioner)
+#-Dcassandra.partitioner=partitioner
+
+# To replace a node that has died, restart a new node in its place specifying the address of the
+# dead node. The new node must not have any data in its data directory, that is, it must be in the
+# same state as before bootstrapping.
+#-Dcassandra.replace_address=listen_address or broadcast_address of dead node
+
+# Allow restoring specific tables from an archived commit log.
+#-Dcassandra.replayList=table
+
+# Allows overriding of the default RING_DELAY (30000ms), which is the amount of time a node waits
+# before joining the ring.
+#-Dcassandra.ring_delay_ms=ms
+
+# Set the SSL port for encrypted communication. (Default: 7001)
+#-Dcassandra.ssl_storage_port=port
+
+# Set the port for inter-node communication. (Default: 7000)
+#-Dcassandra.storage_port=port
+
+# Set the default location for the trigger JARs. (Default: conf/triggers)
+#-Dcassandra.triggers_dir=directory
+
+# For testing new compaction and compression strategies. It allows you to experiment with different
+# strategies and benchmark write performance differences without affecting the production workload. 
+#-Dcassandra.write_survey=true
+
+# To disable configuration via JMX of auth caches (such as those for credentials, permissions and
+# roles). This will mean those config options can only be set (persistently) in cassandra.yaml
+# and will require a restart for new values to take effect.
+#-Dcassandra.disable_auth_caches_remote_configuration=true
+
+# To disable dynamic calculation of the page size used when indexing an entire partition (during
+# initial index build/rebuild). If set to true, the page size will be fixed to the default of
+# 10000 rows per page.
+#-Dcassandra.force_default_indexing_page_size=true
+
+# Imposes an upper bound on hint lifetime below the normal min gc_grace_seconds
+#-Dcassandra.maxHintTTL=max_hint_ttl_in_seconds
+
+########################
+# GENERAL JVM SETTINGS #
+########################
+
+# enable assertions. highly suggested for correct application functionality.
+-ea
+
+# disable assertions for net.openhft.** because it runs out of memory by design
+# if enabled and run for more than just brief testing
+-da:net.openhft...
+
+# enable thread priorities, primarily so we can give periodic tasks
+# a lower priority to avoid interfering with client workload
+-XX:+UseThreadPriorities
+
+# Enable heap-dump if there's an OOM
+-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
+
+# Per-thread stack size.
+-Xss256k
+
+# Make sure all memory is faulted and zeroed on startup.
+# This helps prevent soft faults in containers and makes
+# transparent hugepage allocation more effective.
+-XX:+AlwaysPreTouch
+
+# Disable biased locking as it does not benefit Cassandra.
+-XX:-UseBiasedLocking
+
+# Enable thread-local allocation blocks and allow the JVM to automatically
+# resize them at runtime.
+-XX:+UseTLAB
+-XX:+ResizeTLAB
+-XX:+UseNUMA
+
+# http://www.evanjones.ca/jvm-mmap-pause.html
+-XX:+PerfDisableSharedMem
+
+# Prefer binding to IPv4 network intefaces (when net.ipv6.bindv6only=1). See
+# http://bugs.sun.com/bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=6342561 (short version:
+# comment out this entry to enable IPv6 support).
+-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true
+
+### Debug options
+
+# uncomment to enable flight recorder
+#-XX:+UnlockCommercialFeatures
+#-XX:+FlightRecorder
+
+# uncomment to have Cassandra JVM listen for remote debuggers/profilers on port 1414
+#-agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=1414
+
+# uncomment to have Cassandra JVM log internal method compilation (developers only)
+#-XX:+UnlockDiagnosticVMOptions
+#-XX:+LogCompilation
+
+#################
+# HEAP SETTINGS #
+#################
+
+# Heap size is automatically calculated by cassandra-env based on this
+# formula: max(min(1/2 ram, 1024MB), min(1/4 ram, 8GB))
+# That is:
+# - calculate 1/2 ram and cap to 1024MB
+# - calculate 1/4 ram and cap to 8192MB
+# - pick the max
+#
+# For production use you may wish to adjust this for your environment.
+# If that's the case, uncomment the -Xmx and Xms options below to override the
+# automatic calculation of JVM heap memory.
+#
+# It is recommended to set min (-Xms) and max (-Xmx) heap sizes to
+# the same value to avoid stop-the-world GC pauses during resize, and
+# so that we can lock the heap in memory on startup to prevent any
+# of it from being swapped out.
+#-Xms4G
+#-Xmx4G
+
+# Young generation size is automatically calculated by cassandra-env
+# based on this formula: min(100 * num_cores, 1/4 * heap size)
+#
+# The main trade-off for the young generation is that the larger it
+# is, the longer GC pause times will be. The shorter it is, the more
+# expensive GC will be (usually).
+#
+# It is not recommended to set the young generation size if using the
+# G1 GC, since that will override the target pause-time goal.
+# More info: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/articles/java/g1gc-1984535.html
+#
+# The example below assumes a modern 8-core+ machine for decent
+# times. If in doubt, and if you do not particularly want to tweak, go
+# 100 MB per physical CPU core.
+#-Xmn800M
+
+###################################
+# EXPIRATION DATE OVERFLOW POLICY #
+###################################
+
+# Defines how to handle INSERT requests with TTL exceeding the maximum supported expiration date:
+# * REJECT: this is the default policy and will reject any requests with expiration date timestamp after 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00.
+# * CAP: any insert with TTL expiring after 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00 will expire on 2038-01-19T03:14:06+00:00 and the client will receive a warning.
+# * CAP_NOWARN: same as previous, except that the client warning will not be emitted.
+#
+#-Dcassandra.expiration_date_overflow_policy=REJECT
--- a/etc/cass_startup_client/jvm11-clients.options
+++ b/etc/cass_startup_client/jvm11-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm11-clients.options                           #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-clients.options. This file is specific for Java 11 and newer.   #
+###########################################################################
+
+###################
+#  JPMS SETTINGS  #
+###################
+
+-Djdk.attach.allowAttachSelf=true
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.misc=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/sun.nio.ch=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.management.rmi/com.sun.jmx.remote.internal.rmi=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.registry=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.server=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.sql/java.sql=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+--add-opens java.base/java.lang.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.loader=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.reflect=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.math=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.util.jar=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens jdk.management/com.sun.management.internal=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass_startup_client/jvm11-server.options
+++ b/etc/cass_startup_client/jvm11-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm11-server.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-server.options. This file is specific for Java 11 and newer.    #
+###########################################################################
+
+#################
+#  GC SETTINGS  #
+#################
+
+
+
+### CMS Settings
+-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
+-XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled
+-XX:SurvivorRatio=8
+-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=1
+-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75
+-XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly
+-XX:CMSWaitDuration=10000
+-XX:+CMSParallelInitialMarkEnabled
+-XX:+CMSEdenChunksRecordAlways
+## some JVMs will fill up their heap when accessed via JMX, see CASSANDRA-6541
+-XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled
+
+
+
+### G1 Settings
+## Use the Hotspot garbage-first collector.
+#-XX:+UseG1GC
+#-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled
+
+#
+## Have the JVM do less remembered set work during STW, instead
+## preferring concurrent GC. Reduces p99.9 latency.
+#-XX:G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent=5
+#
+## Main G1GC tunable: lowering the pause target will lower throughput and vise versa.
+## 200ms is the JVM default and lowest viable setting
+## 1000ms increases throughput. Keep it smaller than the timeouts in cassandra.yaml.
+#-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=500
+
+## Optional G1 Settings
+# Save CPU time on large (>= 16GB) heaps by delaying region scanning
+# until the heap is 70% full. The default in Hotspot 8u40 is 40%.
+#-XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=70
+
+# For systems with > 8 cores, the default ParallelGCThreads is 5/8 the number of logical cores.
+# Otherwise equal to the number of cores when 8 or less.
+# Machines with > 10 cores should try setting these to <= full cores.
+#-XX:ParallelGCThreads=16
+# By default, ConcGCThreads is 1/4 of ParallelGCThreads.
+# Setting both to the same value can reduce STW durations.
+#-XX:ConcGCThreads=16
+
+
+### JPMS
+
+-Djdk.attach.allowAttachSelf=true
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.misc=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.base/sun.nio.ch=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.management.rmi/com.sun.jmx.remote.internal.rmi=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.registry=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.rmi/sun.rmi.server=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-exports java.sql/java.sql=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+--add-opens java.base/java.lang.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.loader=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.ref=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.reflect=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.math=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.module=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens java.base/jdk.internal.util.jar=ALL-UNNAMED
+--add-opens jdk.management/com.sun.management.internal=ALL-UNNAMED
+
+
+### GC logging options -- uncomment to enable
+
+# Java 11 (and newer) GC logging options:
+# See description of https://bugs.openjdk.java.net/browse/JDK-8046148 for details about the syntax
+# The following is the equivalent to -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10 -XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+#-Xlog:gc=info,heap*=trace,age*=debug,safepoint=info,promotion*=trace:file=/var/log/cassandra/gc.log:time,uptime,pid,tid,level:filecount=10,filesize=10485760
+
+# Notes for Java 8 migration:
+#
+# -XX:+PrintGCDetails                   maps to -Xlog:gc*:... - i.e. add a '*' after "gc"
+# -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps                maps to decorator 'time'
+#
+# -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC                    maps to 'heap' with level 'trace'
+# -XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution        maps to 'age' with level 'debug'
+# -XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime    maps to 'safepoint' with level 'info'
+# -XX:+PrintPromotionFailure            maps to 'promotion' with level 'trace'
+# -XX:PrintFLSStatistics=1              maps to 'freelist' with level 'trace'
+
+### Netty Options
+
+# On Java >= 9 Netty requires the io.netty.tryReflectionSetAccessible system property to be set to true to enable
+# creation of direct buffers using Unsafe. Without it, this falls back to ByteBuffer.allocateDirect which has
+# inferior performance and risks exceeding MaxDirectMemory
+-Dio.netty.tryReflectionSetAccessible=true
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass_startup_client/jvm8-clients.options
+++ b/etc/cass_startup_client/jvm8-clients.options
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                         jvm8-clients.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-clients.options. This file is specific for Java 8 and newer.    #
+###########################################################################
+
+# intentionally left empty
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass_startup_client/jvm8-server.options
+++ b/etc/cass_startup_client/jvm8-server.options
@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+###########################################################################
+#                          jvm8-server.options                            #
+#                                                                         #
+# See jvm-server.options. This file is specific for Java 8 and newer.     #
+###########################################################################
+
+########################
+# GENERAL JVM SETTINGS #
+########################
+
+# allows lowering thread priority without being root on linux - probably
+# not necessary on Windows but doesn't harm anything.
+# see http://tech.stolsvik.com/2010/01/linux-java-thread-priorities-workaround.html
+-XX:ThreadPriorityPolicy=42
+
+#################
+#  GC SETTINGS  #
+#################
+
+### CMS Settings
+-XX:+UseParNewGC
+-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
+-XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled
+-XX:SurvivorRatio=8
+-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=1
+-XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=75
+-XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly
+-XX:CMSWaitDuration=10000
+-XX:+CMSParallelInitialMarkEnabled
+-XX:+CMSEdenChunksRecordAlways
+## some JVMs will fill up their heap when accessed via JMX, see CASSANDRA-6541
+-XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled
+
+### G1 Settings
+## Use the Hotspot garbage-first collector.
+#-XX:+UseG1GC
+#-XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled
+
+#
+## Have the JVM do less remembered set work during STW, instead
+## preferring concurrent GC. Reduces p99.9 latency.
+#-XX:G1RSetUpdatingPauseTimePercent=5
+#
+## Main G1GC tunable: lowering the pause target will lower throughput and vise versa.
+## 200ms is the JVM default and lowest viable setting
+## 1000ms increases throughput. Keep it smaller than the timeouts in cassandra.yaml.
+#-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=500
+
+## Optional G1 Settings
+# Save CPU time on large (>= 16GB) heaps by delaying region scanning
+# until the heap is 70% full. The default in Hotspot 8u40 is 40%.
+#-XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=70
+
+# For systems with > 8 cores, the default ParallelGCThreads is 5/8 the number of logical cores.
+# Otherwise equal to the number of cores when 8 or less.
+# Machines with > 10 cores should try setting these to <= full cores.
+#-XX:ParallelGCThreads=16
+# By default, ConcGCThreads is 1/4 of ParallelGCThreads.
+# Setting both to the same value can reduce STW durations.
+#-XX:ConcGCThreads=16
+
+### GC logging options -- uncomment to enable
+
+-XX:+PrintGCDetails
+-XX:+PrintGCDateStamps
+-XX:+PrintHeapAtGC
+-XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution
+-XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime
+-XX:+PrintPromotionFailure
+#-XX:PrintFLSStatistics=1
+#-Xloggc:/var/log/cassandra/gc.log
+-XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation
+-XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10
+-XX:GCLogFileSize=10M
+
+# The newline in the end of file is intentional
--- a/etc/cass_startup_client/logback.xml
+++ b/etc/cass_startup_client/logback.xml
@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+-->
+
+<!--
+In order to disable debug.log, comment-out the ASYNCDEBUGLOG
+appender reference in the root level section below.
+-->
+
+<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="60 seconds">
+  <jmxConfigurator />
+
+  <!-- No shutdown hook; we run it ourselves in StorageService after shutdown -->
+
+  <!-- SYSTEMLOG rolling file appender to system.log (INFO level) -->
+
+  <appender name="SYSTEMLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
+      <level>INFO</level>
+    </filter>
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/system.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/system.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern>
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 7 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- DEBUGLOG rolling file appender to debug.log (all levels) -->
+
+  <appender name="DEBUGLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/debug.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/debug.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern>
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 7 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>7</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- ASYNCLOG assynchronous appender to debug.log (all levels) -->
+
+  <appender name="ASYNCDEBUGLOG" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
+    <queueSize>1024</queueSize>
+    <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
+    <includeCallerData>true</includeCallerData>
+    <appender-ref ref="DEBUGLOG" />
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- STDOUT console appender to stdout (INFO level) -->
+
+  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
+    <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
+      <level>INFO</level>
+    </filter>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender>
+
+  <!-- Uncomment below configuration (Audit Logging (FileAuditLogger) rolling file appender and Audit Logging
+  additivity) in order to have the log events flow through separate log file instead of system.log.
+  Audit Logging (FileAuditLogger) rolling file appender to audit.log -->
+  <!-- <appender name="AUDIT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
+    <file>${cassandra.logdir}/audit/audit.log</file>
+    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy"> -->
+      <!-- rollover daily -->
+      <!-- <fileNamePattern>${cassandra.logdir}/audit/audit.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.zip</fileNamePattern> -->
+      <!-- each file should be at most 50MB, keep 30 days worth of history, but at most 5GB -->
+      <!-- <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize>
+      <maxHistory>30</maxHistory>
+      <totalSizeCap>5GB</totalSizeCap>
+    </rollingPolicy>
+    <encoder>
+      <pattern>%-5level [%thread] %date{ISO8601} %F:%L - %msg%n</pattern>
+    </encoder>
+  </appender> -->
+
+  <!-- Audit Logging additivity to redirect audit logging events to audit/audit.log -->
+  <!-- <logger name="org.apache.cassandra.audit" additivity="false" level="INFO">
+    <appender-ref ref="AUDIT"/>
+  </logger> -->
+
+  <!-- Uncomment bellow and corresponding appender-ref to activate logback metrics
+  <appender name="LogbackMetrics" class="com.codahale.metrics.logback.InstrumentedAppender" />
+   -->
+
+  <root level="INFO">
+    <appender-ref ref="SYSTEMLOG" />
+    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
+    <appender-ref ref="ASYNCDEBUGLOG" /> <!-- Comment this line to disable debug.log -->
+    <!--
+    <appender-ref ref="LogbackMetrics" />
+    -->
+  </root>
+
+  <logger name="org.apache.cassandra" level="DEBUG"/>
+</configuration>
--- a/startup/queries/Dockerfile
+++ b/startup/queries/Dockerfile
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+FROM python:3
+ADD exercise2_3.py /
+RUN pip install cassandra-driver
+CMD [ "python3", "./exercise2_3.py" ]
--- a/startup/queries/exercise2_3.py
+++ b/startup/queries/exercise2_3.py
@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from collections import Counter
+from cassandra.cluster import Cluster
+
+cluster = Cluster(['172.20.0.6', '172.20.0.7', '172.20.0.8'])
+session = cluster.connect('twitter')
+
+# 2. Find the 100 accounts with the most followers
+rows = session.execute('SELECT user_id,follower_len FROM twitter.most_follows;')
+sorted_rows = dict(sorted(dict(rows).items(), key=lambda item: item[1]))
+most_follows = list(sorted_rows.keys())[-100:]
+print("Top 100 most followed accounts:",most_follows)
+
+print("________________________________________________________________")
+
+# Finding the 100 accounts that follow the most of the accounts found in 2). 
+followed_accs = session.execute(f'SELECT follower_id FROM twitter.follower_relation WHERE user_id IN {tuple(most_follows)};')
+# followed_accs = list(followed_accs.keys())
+_list = list()
+for row in followed_accs:
+    _list.append(row[0])
+
+followed_top_100 = Counter(_list).most_common(100)
+print("100 accounts that follow the most of the accounts found in 2)",followed_top_100)
--- a/startup/queries/twitter_queries.cql
+++ b/startup/queries/twitter_queries.cql
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// 1. Auflisten der Posts, die von einem Account gemacht wurden, bzw. ihm zugeordnet wurden
+SELECT content FROM twitter.tweets where author_id = X;
+// or 
+SELECT * FROM twitter.tweets WHERE author='katyperry' ALLOW FILTERING;
+
+// 2 .Finden der 100 Accounts mit den meisten Followern
+
+// VIEW not possible -> no group by allowed AND YOU CANT SORT DATA https://stackoverflow.com/a/14463098
+// CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW twitter.most_follows AS SELECT user_id, count(user_id) as len from twitter.user  group by user_id PRIMARY KEY (user_id,len);
+// # Use of spark cluster or trigger to update tables to add the lenght of follower ids. -> New Data Schema
+// # not supported on counter table -> CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW twitter.most_follows AS SELECT user_id, follower_len from twitter.user_stats PRIMARY KEY ((follower_len,user_id));
+// change to int 
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW twitter.most_follows AS SELECT user_id, follower_len from twitter.user_stats WHERE user_id is not null and follower_len is not null PRIMARY KEY (follower_len,user_id);
+
+// 3. Finden der 100 Accounts, die den meisten der Accounts folgen, die in 2) gefunden wurden
+
+// 4. 
+// die Anzahl der Follower & die Anzahl der verfolgten Accounts
+SELECT * FROM twitter.user_stats WHERE user_id = 14378300;
+// 25 neusten
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW twitter.start_view_new AS SELECT user_id_x,follower_id,date_time,name,author,content,id FROM twitter.user WHERE user_id_x IS NOT NULL AND follower_id IS NOT NULL AND date_time IS NOT NULL AND id IS NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY ((user_id_x),date_time,follower_id,id);
+SELECT * FROM twitter.start_view WHERE user_id_x = 14378300 ORDER BY date_time DESC LIMIT 25; 
+// 25 beliebtesten
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW twitter.start_view_like AS SELECT user_id_x,follower_id,number_of_likes,date_time,author,name,content,id FROM twitter.user WHERE user_id_x IS NOT NULL AND follower_id IS NOT NULL AND number_of_likes IS NOT NULL AND id IS NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY ((user_id_x),number_of_likes,follower_id,id);
+SELECT * FROM twitter.start_view_like WHERE user_id_x = 14378300 ORDER BY number_of_likes DESC LIMIT 25; 
+
+// 5. Fan-Out as VIEW ?
+// # InvalidRequest: Error from server: code=2200 [Invalid query] message="Unknown column 'user_id_x' referenced in PRIMARY KEY for materialized view 'start_view_biber'"
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW twitter.start_view_biber AS SELECT follower_id,number_of_likes,date_time,author,name,content,id FROM twitter.user WHERE user_id_x IS NOT NULL AND user_id_x=172883064 AND follower_id IS NOT NULL AND number_of_likes IS NOT NULL AND id IS NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY ((user_id_x),number_of_likes,follower_id,id);
+// # order by need partion key in WHERE
+SELECT * from twitter.start_view_biber WHERE user_id_x=14378300 ORDER BY number_of_likes DESC LIMIT 25;
+// INSERT new tweet
+INSERT INTO twitter.user(user_id_x,follower_id,name,author ,content ,country ,date_time ,id ,language ,latitude ,longitude ,number_of_likes ,number_of_shares ,user_id_y )
+VALUES(14378300, 261047860, 'Justin','NoName', 'Hallo there BDEA','DE', dateof(now()), 'NoID', 'text', 100, 100, 10000000, 0, 0);
+
+// 6. Auflisten Post die ein geg. Wort enthalten (falls möglich auch mit UND-Verknüpfung mehrerer Worte)
+// # Enables SASI index creation on this node && SASI indexes are considered experimental and are not recommended for production use.
+// # InvalidRequest: Error from server: code=2200 [Invalid query] message="Secondary indexes on materialized views aren't supported"
+// # SyntaxException: line 1:7 no viable alternative at input 'SEARCH' ([CREATE] SEARCH...)
+CREATE CUSTOM INDEX search_in ON twitter.tweets (content) USING 'org.apache.cassandra.index.sasi.SASIIndex' WITH OPTIONS = {  'mode': 'CONTAINS', 'analyzer_class': 'org.apache.cassandra.index.sasi.analyzer.NonTokenizingAnalyzer', 'case_sensitive': 'false' };
+SELECT * from twitter.tweets WHERE content LIKE '%This%' limit 25;
+
+
+
--- a/startup/setup/cleaning.py
+++ b/startup/setup/cleaning.py
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+from ctypes import sizeof
+from datetime import date
+import pandas as pd
+import numpy as np
+
+# read follwer
+df_follower = pd.read_csv("cassandra/startup/data/twitter_combined_orginal.txt", sep=' ',  names=["user_id","follower_id"])
+df_follower = df_follower.drop_duplicates() # drop duplicate follows in data
+df_user_stats = df_follower.groupby('user_id')['follower_id'].size().reset_index(name='follower_len') # group user_id to follows -> user is following
+df_user_stats['follows_len'] = df_follower.groupby('follower_id')['user_id'].size().reset_index(name='follows_len')['follows_len'] # group follows to user_id -> user are followed by
+df_user_follow_list = df_follower.groupby('user_id')['follower_id'].apply(list).reset_index(name='follows') # group follows to user_id -> user are followed by
+df_user_follow_list['follower'] = df_follower.groupby('follower_id')['user_id'].apply(list).reset_index(name='follower')['follower'] # group follows to user_id -> user are followed by
+df_user_stats['follows_len'] = df_follower.groupby('follower_id')['user_id'].size().reset_index(name='follows_len')['follows_len'] # group follows to user_id -> user are followed by
+
+df_follower.to_csv("cassandra/startup/data/user_follower_relation.csv",index=False)
+
+# change comment section in twitter.csv because \n and \r are not functionally quoteted
+df_tweet = pd.read_csv("cassandra/startup/data/tweets_orginal.csv")
+df_tweet['content'] = df_tweet["content"].str.replace("\n","\\n")
+df_tweet['content'] = df_tweet["content"].str.replace("\r","\\r")
+df_tweet['content'] = df_tweet["content"].str.replace(',',"\,")
+
+### map user_ids to the tweets
+# list of distinct authors
+authors = df_tweet['author'].drop_duplicates().reset_index(drop=True)
+
+# sort user after the most followers and get random authors ids
+df_follower['len'] = df_follower.groupby('user_id')['follower_id'].apply(list).str.len()
+df_user_id = df_follower.sort_values(by='len', ascending=False)['user_id'][:100].sample(n=len(authors)).reset_index(drop=True)
+df_follower = df_follower.drop(columns='len')
+
+# merge the author_names and id into the user table
+authors = pd.DataFrame(authors)
+authors['user_id'] = df_user_id
+df_tweet['user_id'] = df_tweet.merge(authors, on='author').user_id
+df_follower['name'] = df_follower.merge(authors,how='left', on='user_id')['author'].values
+tweets_len = df_tweet.groupby('user_id')['id'].size().reset_index(name='tweets_len').astype(int)
+df_user_stats['tweets_len'] = df_user_stats.merge(tweets_len,how='left', on='user_id')['tweets_len'].values
+
+# add liked from user to each tweet
+user_ids = pd.DataFrame(df_follower['user_id'].drop_duplicates())
+num_of_ids_missing = int(df_tweet['number_of_likes'].max()/10) - user_ids.values.size
+# generate new user if most liked tweet are more than the user number
+if num_of_ids_missing > 0: 
+    a = np.empty((num_of_ids_missing,2,))
+    a[:] = np.nan
+    new_user_ids = np.arange(user_ids.max()+1,user_ids.max()+1+num_of_ids_missing)
+    a[:,0] = new_user_ids
+    user_ids = pd.concat([pd.DataFrame(a, columns=user_ids.columns), user_ids], ignore_index=True)
+    user_ids['user_id'] = user_ids['user_id'].astype(np.uint32)
+
+# sort random user_id to all tweets
+tweet_ids = pd.DataFrame(df_tweet['id'].drop_duplicates())
+tweet_ids['liked_from'] = df_tweet.apply(lambda row: list(np.random.choice(user_ids['user_id'],size = int(row['number_of_likes']/10))),axis=1)
+tweet_ids['date_time'] = df_tweet['date_time']
+
+# split into separte files
+partitions = 7
+dfs = np.array_split(tweet_ids, partitions)
+for i,df in enumerate(dfs):
+   df.to_csv("cassandra/startup/data/tweet_liked/tweet"+str(i)+".txt",index=False)
+
+
+# save the updated data
+df_tweet.to_csv("cassandra/startup/data/tweets.csv",index=False)
+df_user_stats.to_csv("cassandra/startup/data/user_stats.txt",index=False)
+df_user_follow_list.to_csv("cassandra/startup/data/user_follows.txt",index=False)
+
+# save realtionship betweet user_ID, follower_ID and tweet_ID
+relation_list = list()
+for i,row in df_tweet.iterrows():
+    df = df_tweet.iloc[[i]]
+    relation_list.append(df_follower.merge(df,left_on='follower_id',right_on='user_id'))
+    if i % 1000 == 0:
+        df_follower_new = pd.concat(relation_list)
+        df_follower_new.to_csv("cassandra/startup/data/relations/relation"+str(i)+".txt",index=False)
+        relation_list = list()
+
+
+
+
+
+
--- a/startup/setup/setup_db.sh
+++ b/startup/setup/setup_db.sh
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+cqlsh cass1 -f /tmp/startup/setup/setup_db_1.cql
+cqlsh cass1 -f /tmp/startup/setup/setup_db_2.cql
+# NOTE : Quote it else use array to avoid problems #
+# <stdin>:1:Failed to import 20 rows: WriteTimeout - Error from server: code=1100 [Coordinator node timed out waiting for replica nodes' responses] message="Operation timed out - received only 0 responses." info={'consistency': 'ONE', 'required_responses': 1, 'received_responses': 0, 'write_type': 'UNLOGGED_BATCH'},  will retry later, attempt 1 of 5
+TWEET_FILES="/tmp/startup/data/relations/*"
+for f in $TWEET_FILES; do
+    cqlsh cass1 -e "COPY twitter.user (user_id_x,follower_id,name,author,content,country,date_time,id,language,latitude,longitude,number_of_likes,number_of_shares,user_id_y) FROM '$f' WITH DELIMITER=',' AND  HEADER=TRUE;"
+done
+
+cqlsh cass1 -f /tmp/startup/setup/setup_views.cql
--- a/startup/setup/setup_db_1.cql
+++ b/startup/setup/setup_db_1.cql
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+CREATE KEYSPACE twitter WITH replication = {'class':'NetworkTopologyStrategy', 'replication_factor' : 3};
+
+CREATE TABLE twitter.tweets(
+author text, 
+content text, 
+country text, 
+date_time timestamp, 
+id text, 
+language text, 
+latitude double, 
+longitude double, 
+number_of_likes int, 
+number_of_shares int,
+author_id bigint,
+PRIMARY KEY ((author_id), date_time, id)
+) WITH compaction = {'class' : 'LeveledCompactionStrategy'};
+
+CREATE TABLE twitter.follower_relation(
+user_id int,
+follower_id int,
+PRIMARY KEY (user_id,follower_id)
+) WITH compaction = {'class' : 'LeveledCompactionStrategy'};
+
+COPY twitter.tweets (author,content,country,date_time,id,language,latitude,longitude,number_of_likes,number_of_shares, author_id) FROM '/tmp/startup/data/tweets.csv' WITH DELIMITER=',' AND HEADER=TRUE;
+COPY twitter.follower_relation (user_id,follower_id) FROM '/tmp/startup/data/user_follower_relation.csv' WITH DELIMITER=',' AND HEADER=TRUE;
--- a/startup/setup/setup_db_2.cql
+++ b/startup/setup/setup_db_2.cql
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+CREATE TABLE twitter.user(
+user_id_x int,
+follower_id int,
+name text,
+author text,
+content text,
+country text,
+date_time timestamp,
+id text,
+language text,
+latitude double,
+longitude double,
+number_of_likes int,
+number_of_shares int,
+user_id_y int,
+PRIMARY KEY((user_id_x,follower_id,id))
+) WITH compaction = {'class' : 'LeveledCompactionStrategy'};
+
+
+CREATE TABLE twitter.tweet_liked_from(
+tweet_id text,
+date_time timestamp,
+liked_from set<int>,
+PRIMARY KEY(tweet_id,date_time)
+) WITH compaction = {'class' : 'LeveledCompactionStrategy'};
+
+
+CREATE TABLE twitter.user_stats(
+user_id bigint,
+follower_len int,
+follows_len int,
+tweet_len int,
+PRIMARY KEY(user_id)
+) WITH compaction = {'class' : 'LeveledCompactionStrategy'};
+
+COPY twitter.user_stats (user_id,follower_len,follows_len,tweet_len) FROM '/tmp/startup/data/user_stats.txt' WITH DELIMITER=',' AND HEADER=TRUE;
+
--- a/startup/setup/setup_likedFrom.sh
+++ b/startup/setup/setup_likedFrom.sh
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+LIKED_FROM_FILES="/tmp/startup/data/tweet_liked/*"
+for f in $LIKED_FROM_FILES; do
+    cqlsh cass1 -e "COPY twitter.tweet_liked_from (tweet_id,liked_from,date_time) FROM '$f' WITH DELIMITER=',' AND  HEADER=TRUE;"
+done
--- a/startup/setup/setup_views.cql
+++ b/startup/setup/setup_views.cql
@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW twitter.start_view_like AS
+ SELECT user_id_x,follower_id,number_of_likes,number_of_shares,date_time,author,name,content,id
+ FROM twitter.user 
+ WHERE user_id_x IS NOT NULL AND follower_id IS NOT NULL AND number_of_likes IS NOT NULL AND id IS NOT NULL
+PRIMARY KEY ((user_id_x),number_of_likes,follower_id,id);
+
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW twitter.start_view_new AS 
+ SELECT user_id_x,follower_id,date_time,number_of_likes,number_of_shares,name,author,content,id 
+ FROM twitter.user 
+ WHERE user_id_x IS NOT NULL AND follower_id IS NOT NULL AND date_time IS NOT NULL AND id IS NOT NULL 
+PRIMARY KEY ((user_id_x),date_time,follower_id,id);
+
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW twitter.start_view_taylor AS
+ SELECT follower_id,number_of_likes,number_of_shares,date_time,author,name,content,id,user_id_x
+ FROM twitter.user 
+ WHERE user_id_x IS NOT NULL AND user_id_x=233248636 AND follower_id IS NOT NULL AND number_of_likes IS NOT NULL AND id IS NOT NULL
+PRIMARY KEY ((user_id_x),number_of_likes,follower_id,id);
+
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW twitter.start_view_user1 AS
+ SELECT follower_id,number_of_likes,number_of_shares,date_time,author,name,content,id,user_id_x
+ FROM twitter.user 
+ WHERE user_id_x IS NOT NULL AND user_id_x=172883064 AND follower_id IS NOT NULL AND number_of_likes IS NOT NULL AND id IS NOT NULL
+PRIMARY KEY ((user_id_x),number_of_likes,follower_id,id);
+
+CREATE CUSTOM INDEX search_in
+ ON twitter.tweets (content) 
+ USING 'org.apache.cassandra.index.sasi.SASIIndex' 
+ WITH OPTIONS = {  'mode': 'CONTAINS', 'analyzer_class': 'org.apache.cassandra.index.sasi.analyzer.NonTokenizingAnalyzer', 'case_sensitive': 'false' };
				`@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`Place triggers to be loaded in this directory, as jar files.`