.orig gelöscht
Christoph Giess
parent
2770563f1f
commit
9f21f266e4
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@ -1,242 +0,0 @@
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{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "5e2e3e9d-9d88-43b8-a7b6-351a8dd8eb9d",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Funktionen\n",
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"Wenn es `math.radians()` nicht gäbe, dann könnten wir die uns selbst schreiben:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 3,
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"id": "5e0982b9-eb6d-4db7-ba96-cceac29821ae",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"import math\n",
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"def rad(x):\n",
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" return x * 2 * math.pi / 360"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "38cc7e3f-8186-4ed8-81ae-d199c3cb9d5e",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Zur Unterscheidung heißt sie einfach nur `rad()`.\n",
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"Das Package `math` muss importiert sein um `pi` zu verwenden."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 5,
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"id": "333d5172-b326-460e-9851-6e5271bcab79",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"3.141592653589793"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 5,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"rad(180)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "1b67ecf5-cf68-4c29-ae90-39d2a0f6ce00",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Aufgabe\n",
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"❓ Das sieht schon toll aus. Geht das aber auch besser?"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "b792d4e1-41ce-4622-8298-077355437419",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Lösung\n",
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"Beim Programmieren ist es oft nicht leicht zu entscheiden was **besser** ist.\n",
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"\n",
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"Man könnnte `x * math.pi / 180` schreiben. Das spart evtl. die Berechnung von `2 / 360`.\n",
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"Warum `evtl`? Weil manche Programmiersprachen dies selbständig optimieren.\n",
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"Warum ist das kürzere nicht besser? Die Formel, die man in der Schule gelernt hat ist so nicht direkt wiederzuerkennen und somit das Programm schwerer zu verstehen.\n",
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"\n",
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"Wichtig ist aber immer eine gute Dokumentation von Funktionen."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 7,
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"id": "2ec6f0f0-4109-4aef-92dd-d247c43cc4b3",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"Help on function rad in module __main__:\n",
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"\n",
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"rad(x)\n",
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"\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"help(rad)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "537bad50-0e57-463c-9d70-b6c0b60de395",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Mmh, das sieht nicht so toll aus.\n",
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"\n",
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"Es braucht einen [Docstring](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/),\n",
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"um hier etwas vernünftiges angezeigt zu bekommen."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "b5f77780-5a55-4471-9bed-7295e95f34a3",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Aufgabe\n",
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"Schreibt die Funktion `rad()` so um, dass `help(rad)` einen hilfreichen Text anzeigt."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "4c1d9d64-00bf-4418-8416-5fd7c3eba36c",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Lösung\n",
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"Wir verwenden einfach den Hilfetext von `math.rad`."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 12,
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"id": "ab898f30-4161-49c8-b8be-e9631349bb2a",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"def rad(x):\n",
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" \"\"\"Convert angle x from degrees to radians.\"\"\"\n",
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" return x * 2 * math.pi / 360"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "de201d97-2f1d-4798-9732-77c40ba99b78",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Aufgabe\n",
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"Schreibt eine Funktion, die die Seitenlänge eines rechtwinkligen Dreiecks anhand des Satzes von Pythagoras berechnet. Zur Erinnerung, der lautet a² + b² = c².\n",
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"\n",
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"Überlegt:\n",
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"* Was sind die Parameter?\n",
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"* Was soll das Ergebnis sein?\n",
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"* Wie kann man das Berechnen?\n",
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"* Wie soll die Funktion heißen?\n",
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"* Was soll die Hilfe zeigen"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 14,
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"id": "1f69e422-69dc-4563-8ca3-2e8a15a8ee74",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"def pyth(a, b):\n",
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" \"\"\"Berechnet Hypothenuse eines rechtwinkligen Dreiecks mit Seitenlängen a und b\"\"\"\n",
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" return math.sqrt(a*a + b*b)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 15,
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"id": "8cb40698-547a-4abd-a076-a14e05584a2c",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"5.0"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 15,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"pyth(3, 4)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "26f52ec4-a4aa-4b96-a247-2c0816e10a39",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Aufgabe\n",
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"❓ Schreibt eine Funktion, die die kleinere von zwei Zahlen zurück gibt."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "c724390e-e029-4bd3-be92-3e0a1ffac267",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Lösungen\n",
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"**Lösung 1**\n",
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"\n",
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"Das ist unnötig. Die Funktion gibt es schon. Sie heißt `min()`\n",
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"\n",
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"**Lösug 2**\n",
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"\n",
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"Das ist zwar unnötig, aber wenn es denn sein muss:\n",
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"\n",
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" def my_min(a, b):\n",
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" return min(a, b)\n",
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"\n",
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"**Lösung 3**\n",
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"\n",
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"Wie man das selbst implementiert lernen wir erst im nächsten Kapitel."
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]
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}
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],
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"metadata": {
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"kernelspec": {
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"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
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"language": "python",
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"name": "python3"
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},
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"language_info": {
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"codemirror_mode": {
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"name": "ipython",
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"version": 3
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},
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"file_extension": ".py",
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"mimetype": "text/x-python",
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"name": "python",
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"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
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"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
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"version": "3.9.7"
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}
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},
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"nbformat": 4,
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"nbformat_minor": 5
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}
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@ -1,271 +0,0 @@
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{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "df41324e-da47-4d61-a80d-a7bd29198c8d",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Texte\n",
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"\n",
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"Bisher haben wir nur mit Zahlen gearbeitet, d.h. Python als besseren Taschenrechner verwendet.\n",
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"Jetzt wollen wir auch Texte verwenden.\n",
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"\n",
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"Text wird auch Zeichenkette oder String genannt.\n",
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"\n",
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"Texte haben wir auch schon gesehen, z.B.:\n",
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"\n",
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"* Variablennamen `a`, `b`, `c`\n",
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"* Funktionsnamen wie `my_min` und `cos`\n",
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"\n",
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"Um Texte, mit denen wir rechnen wollen, von Variablen und Funktionen zu unterscheiden, müssen wir diese in \" oder ' einschließen."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 6,
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"id": "7ae417ae-c8d5-4f0e-a280-16265f3fa2d3",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"a = 'Wort'\n",
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"b = \"Zwei Worte\"\n",
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"c = \"\"\"Ein mehrzeiliger Text\n",
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"muss in\n",
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"drei Hochkommatas\n",
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"eingeschlossen werden.\"\"\""
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 2,
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"id": "8af71ec8-1c40-4106-bbd4-3b0bdd2968f7",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"'Wort'"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 2,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"a"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 3,
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"id": "14c7d057-124d-4e3b-b6be-a966687930e1",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"'Ein mehrzeiliger Text\\nmuss in\\ndrei Hochkommatas\\neingeschlossen werden.'"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 3,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"c"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "2e280d2d-eda2-473d-8997-94de82444f48",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"ℹ️ mit \\ lassen sich Sonderzeichen darstellen\n",
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"\n",
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"* \\\\ = \\\n",
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"* \\n = Zeilenumbruch\n",
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"* \\t = Tabulator"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "41dc4823-c5f0-4ffb-a6c6-c091789cf309",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Aufgabe\n",
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"❓ Was kann man alles mit Texten machen?\n",
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"\n",
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"Tipp:\n",
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"* `c.<TAB>`\n",
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"* `help(str)`"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "a376173a-66db-485f-acfe-818c44ad7320",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Lösung\n",
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"Die Aufgabe war so einfach, die braucht keine Lösung."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "d6a2bb1b-120c-48bf-aed5-ec11fe83f50a",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Aufgabe\n",
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"❓ Schreibt eine Funktion, die als Parameter ein englisches Wort akzeptiert und dessen Pluralform zurückliefert."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "59669fc1-2dc6-43a6-a297-3304f190d8ea",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Lösung\n",
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"Wir ignorieren die Sonderfälle und beschränken uns darauf, dBuchstaben **s** anzufügen wenn das Wort nicht damit endet."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 4,
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"id": "45aa62f3-1257-4499-b2fb-b818cc1dbd21",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"def plural(s):\n",
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" if s.endswith('s'):\n",
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" return s\n",
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" else:\n",
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" return s + 's'"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 5,
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"id": "ddfbc878-4c16-48a8-852c-97379f447ab9",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"'horses'"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 5,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"plural(\"horse\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "0e1833b4-aa3b-41b4-9602-0e36103e0070",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## Rechnen mit Texten\n",
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"Texte kann man addieren und multiplizieren:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 7,
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"id": "17a904df-8ffc-467a-8744-e2a4fd8b2134",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"'Hallo Python'"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 7,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"a = \"Hallo\"\n",
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"b = \"Python\"\n",
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"a + ' ' + b"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 8,
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"id": "8c7599a2-c199-433b-bc74-5da51688bdd1",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"'HalloHalloHallo'"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 8,
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"metadata": {},
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"output_type": "execute_result"
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"a * 3"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"id": "854d1c91-d4ea-478f-822e-3a3736fb5ff3",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Das kann man z.B. nutzen, um einen langen Strich zu erzeugen:"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 11,
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"id": "ef7ad859-36f3-46a4-9f5c-972eb45ad0e7",
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"'________________________________________________________________________________'"
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]
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},
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"execution_count": 11,
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"metadata": {},
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||||
"output_type": "execute_result"
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"source": [
|
||||
"'_' * 80"
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
"metadata": {
|
||||
"kernelspec": {
|
||||
"display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
|
||||
"language": "python",
|
||||
"name": "python3"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"language_info": {
|
||||
"codemirror_mode": {
|
||||
"name": "ipython",
|
||||
"version": 3
|
||||
},
|
||||
"file_extension": ".py",
|
||||
"mimetype": "text/x-python",
|
||||
"name": "python",
|
||||
"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
|
||||
"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
|
||||
"version": "3.9.7"
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"nbformat": 4,
|
||||
"nbformat_minor": 5
|
||||
}
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue